1. DAPPLE D ispersion of A ir P ollutants and their P enetration into the L ocal E nvironment EPSRC Infrastructure and Environment Programme The DAPPLE Consortium

2. Background Objectives Plans Facilities Activities Involvement

3. The consortium University of Surrey, Alan Robins Imperial College, Roy Colvile University of Bristol, Dudley Shallcross University of Cambridge, Rex Britter University of Leeds, Margaret Bell University of Reading, Stephen Belcher

4. “… We do not yet have the understanding needed to answer fundamental questions about pollution behaviour over short distances in the urban environment. …” DAPPLE  response to research needs identified by APRIL  development from previous collaborative work  timely - capabilities are in place and ready to be exploited  relevant - strong support in London (APRIL, EA, Local Government), plus Met. Office, HSE, DSTL (Porton) etc.

5. In an urban setting:  To what pollution levels are individuals exposed and what controls this?  What determines the relationship between emissions and exposure?  What are the causes of variability in mean and individual dose rates?  How do we best go about improving local urban air quality?  How do pollutants move in and over a street network?  What tools are needed to deal with these matters?  How should these be developed for incident management?

6.  Short range dispersion in street networks.  Transport above and below roof level.  Mean and turbulent fluxes - their relative roles in pollutant transfer  Emissions modelling  Tracer experiments  Individual dose measurement  Air quality monitoring  Wind tunnel studies  Model evaluation and development

7. Key dates 2002April - project start Planning, team development, etc. 2003 Spring - initial field trial Tracer studies: 28 April - 23 May Monitoring studies: April - December Summer - interim results, workshop 2003Autumn - main field trial 2004Spring - main field trial (alternative schedule) 2005Interim results, workshop 2006March - project end, final report and workshops

8. Field site Marylebone Road, Gloucester Place intersection

9. Main instrumentation Tracer studies emission system - SF6, PMCH 10 x 10 bag sampling systems (20s - 30mins filling time) Meteorology 4 - 10 ultra-sonic anemometers 8 automatic weather stations Met Office - forecasts, data, trajectories Monitoring SCOOT data 8 - 12 CO street boxes Marylebone Road ‘super-site’ Instrumented vehicle(s) Personal CO & particle exposure Westminster CC OPSIS

10. Wind tunnel activities  Field study simulations  Field site modelling sensitivity studies  Generic studies  Wind and turbulence field mapping  Dispersion measurements for point and line sources  Flux and fluctuation measurements  Data set generation for model evaluation

11. ‘Simple’ model 1:200 in w/t

12. Computer modelling  Simulations of field and wind tunnel experiments  Evaluation of model performance - sensitivity studies - best practice  Application of science - model developments  Generic studies - means, fluctuations and fluxes - physical processes, exchange mechanisms Dispersion ESUDM -> UDM -> ADMS -> Urban Canopy -> CFD -> LES Emissions Exposure

13. Participation Third party involvement through: Member PAG - Project advisory group Member ASG - Applications sub-group Associated experimental studies Associated or independent modelling studies PhD projects Independent data user supported by: early provision of data early knowledge transfer through workshops & seminars establishment of full data base of project outputs

14. Contacts University of Surrey Alan Robinsa.robins@surrey.ac.uka.robins@surrey.ac.uk Imperial College Roy Colviler.colvile@ic.ac.ukr.colvile@ic.ac.uk Sam Arnolds.arnold@imperial.ac.uks.arnold@imperial.ac.uk Surbjit Kaursurbjit.kaur1@ic.ac.uksurbjit.kaur1@ic.ac.uk