1. Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism Germany and Italy Rise of Fascism

2. Europe in 1919

4. Benito Mussolini [1883-1945] Il Duce

5. Italian Fasces

6. Fascism 1. Dictatorship and totalitarianism 1.Strongly nationalistic 2.Strongly militaristic

7. Fascism Opposed to communism Can seem like communism in practice Both control people through force and censorship

8. Fascism Communism appeals to workers Promises society without social classes all property shared appeals to upper and middle classes promises to preserve existing social classes Promises to preserve ownership of property and restore Italian economy

9. March on Rome [1922]

10. Fascist Youth Black shirts

11. Corporatist State

13. From the German Point of View  Lost—but not forgotten country.  Into the heart You are to dig yourself these words as into stone: Which we have lost may not be truly lost!

14. Maimed German WW I Veteran

15. The “Stabbed-in-the-Back” Theory Disgruntled German WWI veterans

16. German “Revolutions” [1918]

17. German Freikorps

18. Sparticist Poster

19. The Spartacist League Rosa Luxemburg [1870-1919] murdered by the Freikorps

20. Friedrich Ebert: First President of the Weimar Republic

21. The German Government: 1919- 1920

22. The German Mark

24. The French in the Ruhr: 1923

25. The French Occupation of the Ruhr

26. The Beer Hall Putsch: 1923 National Socialist German Workers Party - Nazi Party

27. The Beer Hall Putsch Idealized

28. Hitler in Landesberg Prison

29. Mein Kampf [My Struggle]

30. European Debts to the United States

31. The Dawes Plan (1924)

32. The Young Plan (1930) For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years. For three generations, you’ll have to slave away! $26,350,000,000 to be paid over a period of 58½ years.

33. Weimar Germany: Political Representation [1920-1933] Political Parties in the Reichstag May 1924 Dec. 1924 May 1928 Sep. 1930 July 1932 Nov. 1932 Mar. 1933 Communist Party (KPD) 624554778910081 Social Democratic Party (SDP) 100131153143133121120 Catholic Centre Party (BVP) 81887887979093 Nationalist Party (DNVP) 9510373413752 Nazi Party (NSDAP) 321412107230196288 Other Parties 102112121122223523

34. German Unemployment: 1929-1938

35. Decrease in World Trade: 1929- 1932

36. German Election Results in 1933

37. Hitler used the burning of the Reichstag building to declare himself dictator (restoring order)

38. Nazi = National Socialist German Workers’ Party Third Reich = Germany’s third empire of rule Der Fuhrer = Hitler as “the father” Rome - Berlin axis

39. Rhineland 1936

40. The “New Napoleons?”