1. The World In the 1930s

2. The Great Depression  Factory production cut in half  86,000 businesses failed, 9,000 banks closed  9 million people lost their savings

3. What caused it?  Faming became more like an industry  Competition from other countries  Stock market fell  “Black Tuesday” 1929 Stock market fell  Overproduction and under consumption

4. New Deal  Roosevelt  Relief, recovery, reform  Public work projects  Social Security Act of 1935  National debt instead of personal debt

5. Fascism  Emphasized autocratic and nationalist policies  Glorified the state  Belief that nations must suffer  Loyalty to the leader = loyalty to the state  Denied individual rights

6. Mussolini  Italy: high unemployment, people demanding change  Blackshirts: group of Fascists who beat up Communists and Socialists  1922 became Il Duce (leader)  Outlawed other political parties, censored radio stations and newspapers

7. Hitler  Studied art  Joined the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (Nazi for short)  Wrote Mein Kampf in 1923 while in jail

8.  1932 Nazi party was German’s largest  Gestapo: secret police  SS: security force loyal to Hitler  Controlled economy  Used propaganda against “inferior races”  Nuremberg Laws: Jews couldn’t teach, act in films, work in banks, get German citizenship  Kristallnacht: Nov 1938 demonstration of anger against Jews. 7,500 shops, 275 synagogues destroyed

9. Japan  Power of the prime minister limited by constitution  After Depression military leaders took over  Took over Manchuria  Encouraged the cult of the emperor

10. League of Nations  Weak  US and Soviet Union not members  Didn’t take a strong stand against fascism  Appeasement

11. Invasions  Japan put a puppet government in place in Manchuria  Withdrew from League of Nations  Italy attacked Ethiopia  Mussolini wanted to form an empire  Germany tries to undo the Treaty of Versailles

12. Germany  League of Nations appeased  Rome-Berlin Axis: agreement between Germany and Italy  Axis which Europe would revolve around  Reoccupied Rhineland  Between Germany and France  Were welcomed in

13. Spain  Civil war 1936  Used as a “training ground” for Germany and Italy  Sent tanks, cannons, airplanes to Nationalist forces precursor to WWII  precursor to WWII

14. Germany + Austria + Czechoslovakia = A Greater Germany  Austrians supported the Anschluss (union between Austria and Germany)