1. Write the COMPLEMENTARY DNA strand for each sequence.
TACGGCAAACTTACT
2. TACGCCATT
3. TACAAAAAGTGGATC

2. DNA Replication Review
Flash Tutorial

3. Learning Targets “I Can. . .”
-List three ways that RNA is different from DNA.
-List the three types of RNA.
-Describe the role of mRNA and tRNA during protein synthesis.
-Define “transcription” and where it occurs in the eukaryotic cell.
-Define “translation” and where it occurs in the eukaryotic cell.

4. Protein Synthesis
DNA  RNA  Protein

5. What is RNA? Ribonucleic Acid
Nucleotides
A G C U
ADENINE
GUANINE
CYTOSINE
URACIL

6. What is RNA? Ribonucleic Acid
Contains the sugar ribose, rather than deoxyribose
Is single stranded, rather than double stranded
Three types:
mRNA (Messenger)
tRNA (Transfer)
rRNA (Ribosomal)

8. Why do we have protein in our bodies?
1. Enzymes
2. Major component of the cell membrane
3. Structural component of skin and muscle
4. Basically, DNA codes for protein, which become you!

9. Recall: DNA is made of nucleotides strung together into a chain
Recall: DNA is made of nucleotides strung together into a chain. These nucleotides code for amino acids.
1. Amino acids: the subunits strung together in a protein chain
2. The four nucleotides are grouped into threes: these groups of three are called codons.

10. AAA = _________________ GGA = _________________
Recall: DNA is made of nucleotides strung together into a chain. These nucleotides code for amino acids.
3. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid that is to be placed in the protein PAGE 367
AAA = _________________
GGA = _________________
AUG = _________________
UAA = _________________

13. DNA RNA (Transcription)
1. Transcription: a molecule of DNA is copied into an opposite strand of mRNA
*Transcription occurs because DNA cannot leave the nucleus, and proteins are made outside the nucleus

14. DNA RNA (Transcription)

15. DNA RNA (Transcription)
2. Steps:
a. DNA strands are separated by an enzyme
b. An mRNA strand is created from the DNA strand to be copied (remember base-pairing rules except )
*G with C
*A with U

16. DNA RNA (Transcription)
DNA = TACCGTTGCAACATT
mRNA =

17. RNA Protein (Translation)

18. RNA  Protein (Translation)
1. Translation: the creation of a chain of amino acids from mRNA
mRNA = AUGGCAACGUUGUAA
Amino acids =

19. RNA  Protein (Translation)
2. Translation requires tRNA, which carries amino acids and rRNA, which makes ribosomes
3. Ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the ER are the location of protein translation

20. Alleles for diseases come from mutations
Mutations: mistakes made during DNA replication or protein synthesis
1. Nucleotide substitution: TATGCA becomes TATTCA
2. Nucleotide addition: TATGCA becomes TATGGCA
3. Nucleotide deletion: TATGCA becomes TATCA
All produce frameshift mutations!

21. RNA  Protein (Translation)
TACGGCAAACTTACT
DNA
mRNA
Protein

22. RNA  Protein (Translation)
TACGCCATT
DNA
mRNA
Protein

23. RNA  Protein (Translation)
TACAAAAAGTGGATC
DNA
mRNA
Protein

24. References