1. DNA Replication to Transcription to Translation

2. DNA Replication Replication : DNA in the chromosomes is copied in the nucleus. DNA molecule is unzipped. Free nucleotides pair up

3. DNA Replication Each original strand of DNA acts as a pattern or template for the new strand. DNA is unzipped and new strand is formed A pairs with T C pairs with G

4. DNA Replication

5. The DNA strands run in one direction. 5’-3’ (Think of it as left to right.) The complimenting strand will run in the opposite direction 3’-5’

6. DNA Replication DNA copies in one direction. 5’ to the 3’

7. DNA Replication Complete the strand of DNA that compliments this DNA 5’ 3’ C A G T A T G C G T C A T A C G 3’ 5’

8. Transcription Genes made of DNA contain the information to make proteins. DNA in the nucleus gives the instructions to RNA RNA takes the information to the cytoplasm

9. RNA Single strand nucleic acid Sugar is ribose Nitrogenous bases are Adenine Cytosine Guanine Uracil (different from DNA)

10. Transcription: RNA is made from a DNA strand DNA is the template Free nucleotides pair with DNA This RNA is mRNA C = G A = U

11. Transcription

12. Complete the strand of RNA that compliments this DNA G C A T A T G C C G U A U A C G

13. Translation Translation : the process of changing the information in mRNA into a protein

14. Translation The messenger RNA (mRNA) takes the instructions out of the nucleus to the cytoplasm It will bind to a ribosome to make the protein

15. Translation Once the mRNA is attached to the ribosome the code is read The code is read 3 letters at a time Codon: a group of 3 nitrogenous bases

16. Translation Each codon represents one amino acid ( the building blocks of protein)

17. Translation Name the amino acid coded for in the following codons AAG GCG UAG AUG

18. Translation Once the mRNA is attached to the ribosome, tRNA begins to deliver amino acids The tRNA pairs its anticodon to the codon of the mRNA

19. Translation

20. Which anticodon will pair with the codon?(they are opposite of the codon) CGA UAC AAG CGC ACG GCU AUG UUC GCG UGC

21. Translation The ribosome attaches the tRNA anticodon to the mRNA codon. The amino acids attach with peptide bonds Once the amino acid is attached the tRNA is released.

22. Translation The ribosome will begin to assemble the amino acids at the “start” codon AUG It will end when it reads a “stop” codon Name a “stop” codon.

23. Translation Once the completed amino acid chain is released, the amino acids twist and curl into complex 3-D shapes forming the protein

24. Central Dogma The pathway of information in a cell flows from DNA mRNA Protein Trait This is true in all living things !