2.  Stored in the body as ferritin  Deficiency result from negative iron balance due to depletion of stores and/or inadequate intake.  Iron deficiency cause hypochromic microcytic anemia  Ferrous compound are required for treatment of this form of anemia  GIT disturbance is the most common adverse effect of iron supplements  IV\IM preparations are also available.

3.  Iron sucrose can be given IV.  Severe acute toxic effects occur if large doses are ingested  Chronic iron toxicity can occur in patient with chronic blood transfusion like thalassemic patients or in case of hemochromatosis  The treatment of acute and chronic iron toxicity involve use of iron chelators like DESFERRIOXAMINE.

4.  Deficiency occur when there is increase demand like during pregnancy and lactation,reduced absorption by intestinal pathology or taking folate lowering drugs like methotrexate.  Deficiency lead to megaloblastic anemia.  It is well absorbed in the jejunum so it is given orally; unless the cause of deficiency is not an intestinal pathology.  No known toxicities or side effects.

5.  Deficiency lead to megaloblastic anemia and result from : 1. Low dietary intake (the most common cause) 2. Poor absorption due to failure of production of intrinsic factor that is produced by gastric parietal cells (pernicious anemia). 3. Low intestinal uptake of the vitamin  Can be given orally, IM Or subcutaneously.  In case of pernicious anemia the treatment should be given for life.

6.  It is a hormone secreted by the kidney  It regulate blood cell formation and proliferation in the bone marrow  Human erythropoietin can be synthesized by r DNA technology.  Deficiency occur in patients with chronic renal failure  It can be administered IV but the subcutaneous route is more appropriate  Side effect include allergies, headache, arthralgia الم في المفصل and hypertension.

7.  Clinical uses: 1. Anemia of chronic renal failure 2. During chemotherapy of cancer 3. Prevention o anemia in premature babies 4. Anemia of AIDS 5. Anemia of chronic disease

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