1. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Week 7 Cyber Crimes Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski

2. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Week 6 Review Tracking internet crime –Email –IM –Etc Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski

3. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Week 7 Assignments Read Chapter 7 and 8 Complete Web Field Trip View the PowerPoint Presentations Attend the weekly seminar Respond to the discussion boards Complete the writing assignment Take the quiz Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski

4. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Locating Online Intelligence Information To effectively search the Internet requires 3 basic concepts: –Knowing where to search –Knowing how to effectively search –Knowing what to do with the information

5. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Locating Online Intelligence Information, Con ’ t Knowing where to search: –Common search engines can be used (www.google.com).www.google.com –One of the best software programs for searching the Internet is offered by www.copernic.com. www.copernic.com

6. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Locating Online Intelligence Information, Con ’ t Knowing how to effectively search: –Use Boolean search techniques. –Boolean logic was developed by a 19 th century English mathematician named George Boole; it allows an Internet searcher to use three primary commands that will help reduce and/or expand return results.

7. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Boolean Search Techniques (AND) - police + officer = Searches for Web sites containing both the word “police” and “officer.” (NOT) capital offense –murder = Searches for websites containing the words “capital offense” but excludes all sites containing the word “murder.” (Quotes) “TASER related deaths” = Searches for websites containing the full, exact phrase of “TASER related deaths.”

8. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Locating Online Intelligence Information, Con ’ t Groups sites are a great source of potential intelligence information: –Google groups (www.groups.google.com)www.groups.google.com –Internet Relay Chat (www.searchirc.com)www.searchirc.com –Myspace (www.myspace.com)www.myspace.com

9. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Locating Online Intelligence Information, Con ’ t What to do with the intelligence information: Discovery — know who knows the information Discrimination — know what’s what Distillation — know what’s hot Dissemination — know who’s who

10. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski 8.3 High-Tech Crime Web Sites

11. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski High-Tech Crime Web Sites The textbook outlines several examples of Internet sites that are valuable to law enforcement. Each section is categorized for easy reference. Use it to “know thy enemy.”

12. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Modus Operandi of the Predatory Pedophile In the days before the Internet, pedophiles had no choice but to try and approach potential victims in person. They could, for example, park their vehicles near a school, playground, or other area that children frequent and try to get a victim’s attention by asking directions, needing help, passing out candy, or doing something else likely to draw attention from a child without arousing general alarm.

13. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Traditional Methods of the Pedophile Pedophiles have also traditionally tended to look for vocations that allow them the advantages of working with children and having a position of trust and responsibility. There have been many examples of this activity in recent years, with numerous stories on predatory teachers, clergy, athletics coaches, and even police officers.

14. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Traditional Methods of the Pedophile, con’t. In addition to having occupations that imply trust, these occupations also have another advantage for a would-be pedophile — a perception of power or control. In the case of clergy, the belief that the clergy member is doing God’s work can be a very powerful force in motivating a naïve youngster to do as the offender says. Likewise, with a teacher or police officer, there is a certain aura of power or authority, and the victim may fear repercussions in the form of bad grades, being kicked out of school, or even being arrested.

15. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Traditional Methods of the Pedophile, con’t. Further, the offender may take advantage of victims’ perception of inferiority by making threats or telling them that no one would believe them over a “respected” police officer, teacher, etc. Add to all of that the constant lessons that kids should listen to and respect adults, and the child victim is in a very vulnerable position.

16. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Grooming Victims In addition to exercising their positional superiority, pedophiles make use of another technique of preparing their victims. This process of breaking down a victim’s barriers or objections is called grooming the victim. This is not grooming in the traditional sense, e.g., combing hair or brushing teeth. Grooming, in this sense, is the process of preparing a victim and overcoming a victim’s sense of right and wrong and lowering his or her inhibitions against a sexual act.

17. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Grooming Victims, con’t. For example, if a sex offender is looking to have sexual intercourse with a young child, he or she may show that child numerous images of child pornography in order to desensitize the child. The offender will then appeal to the child’s naïve logic and say something like, “It can’t be wrong if they are all doing it.”

18. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Grooming Victims, con’t. In the case of an older victim, the offender may show images or videos of other teens engaged in sexual conduct. It is widely believed that pornography desensitizes the pedophile as well, and this can actually cause a cycle of pedophilia, similar to a narcotics addiction. Offenders will eventually believe that there is nothing wrong with their pedophilia if desensitized enough. Some offenders even believe that they are just more enlightened than the rest of society in regards to sexual relations with children.

19. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Online Predation and Child Enticement Pedophiles operate online in a wide variety of ways, and the online mechanism of anonymous communications can be a very powerful ally. Online child enticement statistics are truly frightening and demonstrate that this type of activity has tremendously increased. Studies have estimated that approximately 1 out of every 5 children 10 to 17 years old received an unwanted sexual solicitation within the past year (Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 2001).

20. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Online Predation and Child Enticement, Con’t. In the past, a pedophile would have to go to a park or school and try to talk to a child in person. Think of fishing with one fishing pole in a local stream. Now, compare that to talking to hundreds of different kids every day in an online chat room, relatively anonymously. This would be similar to casting a wide commercial fishing net into a large inland lake. Sex offenders may get so many potential victims to respond that they may have to actually work to filter their choices to a more manageable number before determining which victims they will try to meet in the real world.

21. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski Online Predation and Child Enticement, Con’t. The larger pool of potential victims and the feeling of anonymity will likely embolden pedophiles and exacerbate the problem of child enticement and sexual assault. Emboldened pedophiles online also have one other advantage — they can gradually introduce themselves to younger children. In person, it is obvious right away that they are much older than their victim, or “scary looking,” or perhaps even physically unattractive. Online, they can portray whatever persona they devise using names and photos they choose. A male pedophile who likes teenage boys could even pose as an attractive female online.

22. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Conducting an online inv. 1. Create an undercover online identity including user names, e-mail addresses, photos, and so forth that make the investigator appear to be an underage child. 2. Set up chat room applications to automatically log all chats and other activities to keep ongoing records of all online activity performed while investigating. 3. Visit online chat rooms that might be commonly used by teenagers or underage children. Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski

23. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Conducting Online Inv Reactively engage in conversations with other chatters and people that contact you. 5. Document any attempts to transmit pornography, child pornography, or other harmful materials to a minor (even if the minor is really the adult investigator). 6. Document any attempts to entice a child into meeting for the purpose of sexual activity. Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski

24. © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc. Prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 If a meeting is proposed, reactively agree to the meeting and set up a sting operation to apprehend the adult suspect upon arrival at the agreed time and place. Make the arrest. Investigating High-Tech Crime By Michael Knetzger and Jeremy Muraski