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2. 1/27/2015Dr. Xu 2 Historical Perspectives Culture Changing demographics

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5. Historical Perspectives What was our own cultural heritage and how has it influenced who we are today? To what degree our own cultural heritage has affected our interactions with other people? The answers to these questions will depend on which “mirror” we choose to see ourselves (Takaki, 1993). 1/27/2015Dr. Xu5

6. Cultural Actions and Reactions What people say/do and how do people react to what was said/done? 1/27/2015Dr. Xu6

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8. 1/27/2015Dr. Xu 8 Have you ever experienced such a situation: Somebody made a compliment to you, but you perceived it as an insult. How would you react? Or, You made a compliment to somebody (you truly meant it!), but it was perceived as an insult by the person. How did she/he react? (Prepare this and we are going to share when we meet)

9. 9 Key Terms Second Cultural Competence ◦ The characteristics of an individual who demonstrates cultural self-awareness, has knowledge of another culture and the ability to perform and behave appropriately in the second culture, and an open attitude to a new culture (Cohen, Paige, Kappler, Demmessie, Weaver, Chi & Lassegard, 2003) 1/27/2015Dr. Xu

10. 10 Key Terms Cross-Cultural Competence ◦ The general ability to transcend ethnocentrism to ethnorelativism, where one can appreciate other cultures, and generate appropriate behaviors in one or more different cultures (Bennett’s, 1986, 1993) 1/27/2015Dr. Xu

11. 11 Key Terms Intercultural Communicative Competence ◦ Culture-specific knowledge and culture general skills that contribute to the success of participating in activities where the target language is the primary communicative code. ◦ Including elements of one’s linguistic competence and communicative competence in the target language. 1/27/2015Dr. Xu

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13. 13 What is culture? Formal culture ◦ An individual’s relationship to the esthetic expressions and systematic structures of the society Deep culture ◦ The process of associating oneself with the other members of the society; it is a gradual process of accommodating one’s behavior to the environment that is around him or her. (Brooks, 1968) 1/27/2015Dr. Xu

14. 14 What is culture? Three elements underlying the specific cultural phenomenon ◦ Perspectives  The psychological nature of culture, including meanings, attitudes, values, and ideas ◦ practices  The social aspect of culture, including patterns of social interactions ◦ Products  The creations of a specific cultural group, including tangible or intangible products such as tools, food, or music and games (ACTFL, 1996) 1/27/2015Dr. Xu

15. Global Education Global education involves teaching perceptions of the world in terms of unity within diversity. ◦ Multifaceted and embraces a broad scope ◦ Promotes basic skills for living and interacting in today’s world ◦ Interdependency is a key concept of global education. 1/27/2015Dr. Xu 15

16. Multicultural Education A philosophical concept built on ideals of freedom, justice, equality, equity, and human dignity (NAME, 2003) An educational strategy in which students’ cultures are used to develop effective classroom instruction and school environments (Gollnick & Chinn, 2009) 1/27/2015Dr. Xu 16

17. Global Education Is Multicultural Cultural awareness is the core of both global education and multicultural education. Both disciplines perceive unity in diversity. Global education and multicultural education are parts of a continuum: ◦ Global education looks the worlds as a community. ◦ Multicultural education sees the world in the local community. 1/27/2015Dr. Xu 17

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19. Population by Race and Ethnicity: Actual and Projected ( Source: Pew Research Center, U.S. Population Projections: 2005-2050, 2008 ) 1/27/2015Dr. Xu 19

20. Changing Demographics in America: Place of Birth of Foreign-born Population 1/27/2015Dr. Xu 20

21. 1/27/2015 Dr. Xu 21 Changing Demographics in America: U.S. Household Types 21