1. Vertebrates Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles, Birds, Mammals

2. Vertebrates Backbone or vertebral column 1. Protects spine 2. gives support Endoskeleton 1. Support 2. Shape 3. grows

3. Phylum Chordata Nerve cord – hollow tube near back Notochord 1. Beneath nerve cord Throat with gill slits

4. Groups of Chordates Eight Groups Six are ectotherms 1. Rely on environment for heat 2. “cold blooded” Two are endotherms 1. Maintain their body heat 2. “warm blooded”

5. What to do next Color code the embryos Do section review on page 62

6. FISH Evolved 540 mya Water dwelling vertebrates 1. Scales 2. Fins 3. Throat with gill slits

7. Jawless Fish Most primitive 1. No scales 2. No fins 3. No jaw 4. No bones 5. Examples- hagfish and lamprey

8. Cartilaginous Fish Skeleton made of cartilage Tooth-like scales No swim bladder Sharks, skates, and rays

9. Bony Fish Have a swim bladder 1. Gives the ability to float or sink Color vision Lateral line that senses movement

10. Fish Diagram

11. What to do next? Color fish diagram Do crossword Do section review on page 67 for homework

12. AMPHIBIANS Ectotherms Term amphibian means “double life” Live on land and water – soft eggs Goes through metamorphosis

13. Caecilians Legless amphibian Lives in damp soil in the tropics Eats small invertebrates Thin moist skin Small eyes under skin but are blind

14. Salamander 390 known species Eats small vertebrates Long tail and four small legs

15. Frog 90% of all amphibians are frogs and toads Found all over the world Highly adapted for life on land Sticky tongues that are attached to the front of the mouth instead of the back Strong legs for jumping Ears Vocal cords

16. Frog Life Cycle

17. What to do next Fill out the Venn diagram that compares/contrasts a toad and a frog Color pictures

18. REPTILES Thick, dry skin Ectotherms Lungs to breathe Evolved 35 mya Strong vertical legs Most lay thick rubbery eggs. This allows them to reproduce on land

19. Reptile eggs Shell - protects the egg Albumen – provides water and protein Amniotic sac - protects embryo Yolk - provides food Allantois – stores waste and passes oxygen

20. Labeling the egg

21. Lizards About 4,000 species Live in deserts, jungle, forests and grasslands Most eat small invertebrates and plants but some are strictly herbivores

23. Turtles and Tortoises 250 species Slow and inflexible Protective shell Live on land and water Are distant relatives of most other reptiles

25. Snakes About 1600 species No legs Scales on belly pull snake forward Carnivores Good sense of smell

26. Alligators and Crocodiles Eyes and nose on top of headso they can hide under water Carnivores Spend most of their time in water 22 different species

27. Alligators and Crocodiles

28. What’s Next? Do amphibians and reptiles crossword puzzle Do section reviews on page 77,questions 1-3 Do chapter review on page 82, questions 6-12. Use complete sentences.

29. Birds Endotherms (warm-blooded) Egg-laying vertebrates 4 types -perching birds – sparrows, robins etc. -bird of prey- owls, hawks etc. -waterfowl – ducks, geese etc. -flightless- penguins, ostrich etc.

30. Feathers Adapted for flight Contour feathers – large, broad Down – small, used for insulation Not all birds fly

31. Adaptations Beak – cracking, drilling Feet – wading, scratching

32. Which food goes with which bird?

33. A few feet good for perching good for swimming good for capturing prey

34. Respiration Air sacs - give constant oxygen (fuel) - give enough energy for flight lungs

35. Circulation Double-loop circulatory system keeps oxygenated blood separate from de- oxygenated blood

36. Complex Behaviors Song - protects territory - mating - calling Migrate

37. Bones Birds have “hollow” bone that makes them lightweight Have trusses inside bone for strength

39. y

40. What to do next Label the parts of the feather Read pages 90 and 91 – flight adaptations Take notes on flight adaptations and put them in your fieldguide Do section review on page 94 questions 1-5 Do crossword puzzle