1.  Class activity – Human Bingo  The Communication Process  Speaker Anxiety

2.  Informative - Focuses on conveying facts and promoting understanding.  Persuasive - Seeks to influence choices and opinions.  Special occasion - Lends a sense of distinction to special occasions.

3. Environment Message Encoded SPEAKERSPEAKER

4. Language (Verbal) - spoken or written words Paralanguage (Vocal) - tone, pitch, volume, etc. Non-Verbal (Visual) - eye contact, facial expressions, posture, etc.

5. Environment Message Encoded SPEAKERSPEAKER Frame of Reference

6.  Beliefs  Attitudes  Values  Background (e.g. education, gender, race, hometown)  Experiences

7. Environment Message Encoded SPEAKERSPEAKER Frame of Reference Message Decoded LISTENERLISTENER Frame of Reference

8.  What are some reasons for a speaker’s nervousness?  Why should a speaker never draw attention to their nervousness?  Why are fear and nervousness beneficial to a public speaker?

9. Types of Anxiety  Situational – anxiety caused by factors present in a specific speaking situation  Trait – internal anxieties an individual brings to the speaking situation

10.  Feeling nervous in a new speaking situation  Situational anxiety is normal and necessary to dynamic communication  Experienced speakers get situational anxiety

11.  Prepare and practice ◦ Prepare using notes and visuals ◦ Practice out loud at least three times  Warm-up before speaking  Use deep breathing  Plan a relaxing introduction  Use visual aids ◦ Visual aids keep your hands occupied ◦ Visual aids shift attention away from you ◦ Visual aids help you remember what you are going to say

12.  A feeling of dissimarlity to other speakers  A feeling of anxiety due to prior speaking history  A feeling of subordinate status

13.  Step 1 ◦ Develop a habit of positive self talk  Step 2 ◦ Refocus negative mental pictures into positive ones  Step 3 ◦ Compete only with yourself

14. “ The only difference between the pros and the novices is that the pros have trained their butterflies to fly in formation.” - Edward R. Murrow