1. ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL Lecture 12 PicoBlaze Overview

2. 2 ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL Required reading P. Chu, FPGA Prototyping by VHDL Examples Chapter 14, PicoBlaze Overview Chapter 15, PicoBlaze Assembly Code Development Recommended reading PicoBlaze 8-bit Embedded Microcontroller User Guide for Spartan-3, Virtex-II, and Virtex-II Pro FPGAs (search for it using Google or Xilinx website documentation search)

3. 3 Block diagram of a Single-Purpose Processor (FSMD – Finite State Machine with Datapath) ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL ctrl

4. 4 Block diagram of a General-Purpose Processor (Microcontroller) ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL

5. 5 PicoBlaze

6. PicoBlaze Overview

7. Register File of PicoBlaze 0 1 7 7 7 0 0 0 Address 70 70 70 70 70 16 Registers 8-bit 70 F s0 s1 s2 s3 s4 s5 s6 s7 2 3 4 5 6 7 sf

8. Definition of Flags Z = 1 if result = 0 0 otherwise Zero flag - Z zero condition Example* C = 1 if result > 2 8 -1 or result < 0 0 otherwise *Applies only to addition or subtraction related instructions, refer to following slides otherwise Carry flag - C overflow, underflow, or various conditions Flags are set or reset after ALU operations

9. 9 Interface of PicoBlaze ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL KCPSM = constant (K) coded programmable state machine

10. 10 Interface of PicoBlaze ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL NameDirectionSizeFunction clkinput1System clock signal. resetinput1Reset signal. addressoutput10Address of the instruction memory. Specifies address of the instruction to be retrieved. instructioninput18Fetched instruction. port_idoutput8Address of the input or output port. in_portinput8Input data from I/O peripherals. read_strobeoutput1Strobe associated with the input operation. out_portoutput8Output data to I/O peripherals. write_strobeoutput1Strobe associated with the output operation. interruptinput1Interrupt request from I/O peripherals. interrupt_ackoutput1Interrupt acknowledgment to I/O peripherals

11. 11 ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL Development Flow of a System with PicoBlaze

12. 12 PicoBlaze Programming Model ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL

13. Syntax and Terminology Syntax Example Definition sX KK PORT(KK) PORT((sX)) RAM(KK) s7 ab PORT(2) PORT((sa)) RAM(4) Value at register 7 Value ab (in hex) Input value from port 2 Input value from port specified by register a Value from RAM location 4

14. Addressing modes Direct mode INPUT s5, 2a ADD sa, sf PORT(2a)  s5 sa + sf  sa Indirect mode INPUT s9, (s2) STORE s3, (sa) PORT((s2))  s9 s3  RAM((sa)) s2 + 08 + C  s2 s7 – 7  s7 Immediate mode ADDCY s2, 08 SUB s7, 7

15. PicoBlaze ALU Instruction Set Summary (1)

16. PicoBlaze ALU Instruction Set Summary (2)

17. PicoBlaze ALU Instruction Set Summary (3)

18. Logic instructions 1.AND AND sX, sY sX and sY => sX AND sX, KK sX and KK => sX 2. OR OR sX, sY sX or sY => sX OR sX, KK sX or KK => sX 3. XOR XOR sX, sY sX xor sY => sX XOR sX, KK sX xor KK => sX IMM, DIR C Z IMM, DIR 0 0 0

19. Arithmetic Instructions (1) Addition ADD sX, sY sX + sY => sX ADD sX, KK sX + KK => sX ADDCY sX, sY sX + sY + CARRY => sX ADDCY sX, KK sX + KK + CARRY => sX IMM, DIR C Z

20. Arithmetic Instructions (2) Subtraction SUB sX, sY sX – sY => sX SUB sX, KK sX – KK => sX SUBCY sX, sY sX – sY – CARRY => sX SUBCY sX, KK sX – KK – CARRY => sX IMM, DIR C Z

21. Test and Compare Instructions TEST TEST sX, sY sX and sY => none TEST sX, KK sX and KK => none COMPARE COMPARE sX, sY sX – sY => none COMPARE sX, KK sX – KK => none C Z IMM, DIR C = odd parity of the result

22. Data Movement Instructions (1) LOAD LOAD sX, sY sY => sX LOAD sX, KK KK => sX IMM, DIR C Z -

23. FETCH FETCH sX, KK RAM(KK) => sX FETCH sX, (sY) RAM((sY)) => sX Data Movement Instructions (2) DIR, IND C Z - STORE STORE sX, KK sX => RAM(KK) STORE sX, (sY) sX => RAM((sY)) DIR, IND -

24. Data Movement Instructions (3) INPUT INPUT sX, KK sX <= PORT(KK) INPUT sX, (sY) sX <= PORT((sY)) OUTPUT OUTPUT sX, KK PORT(KK) <= sX OUTPUT sX, (sY) PORT((sY)) <= sX DIR, IND C Z -

25. Edit instructions - Shifts *All shift instructions affect Zero and Carry flags

26. Edit instructions - Rotations *All rotate instructions affect Zero and Carry flags

27. Program Flow Control Instructions (1) JUMP AAA PC <= AAA JUMP C, AAA if C=1 then PC <= AAA else PC <= PC + 1 JUMP NC, AAA if C=0 then PC <= AAA else PC <= PC + 1 JUMP Z, AAA if Z=1 then PC <= AAA else PC <= PC + 1 JUMP NZ, AAA if Z=0 then PC <= AAA else PC <= PC + 1

28. Program Flow Control Instructions (2) CALL AAA TOS <= TOS+1; STACK[TOS] <= PC; PC <= AAA CALL C | Z, AAA if C | Z =1 then TOS <= TOS+1; STACK[TOS] <= PC; PC <= AAA else PC <= PC + 1 CALL NC | NZ, AAA if C | Z =0 then TOS <= TOS+1; STACK[TOS] <= PC; PC <= AAA else PC <= PC + 1

29. Program Flow Control Instructions (3) RETURN PC <= STACK[TOS] + 1; TOS <= TOS - 1 RETURN C | Z if C | Z =1 then PC <= STACK[TOS] + 1; TOS <= TOS - 1 else PC <= PC + 1 RETURN NC | NZ if C | Z =0 then PC <= STACK[TOS] + 1; TOS <= TOS - 1 else PC <= PC + 1

30. Subroutine Call Flow

31. Interrupt Related Instructions RETURNI ENABLE PC <= STACK[TOS] ; TOS <= TOS – 1; I <= 1; C<= PRESERVED C; Z<= PRESERVED Z RETURNI DISABLE PC <= STACK[TOS] ; TOS <= TOS – 1; I <= 0; C<= PRESERVED C; Z<= PRESERVED Z ENABLE INTERRUPT I <=1; DISABLE INTERRUPT I <=0;

32. Interrupt Flow ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL

33. 33 PicoBlaze Development Environments ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL

34. 34 KCPSM3 Assembler Files ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL

35. 35 Directives of Assembly Language ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL Equating symbolic name for an I/O port ID. keyboard DSIN $0E switch DSIN $0F LED DSOUT $15 N/A

36. 36 Differences between Mnemonics of Instructions ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL

37. 37 Differences between Mnemonics of Instructions ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL

38. 38 Differences between Programs ECE 448 – FPGA and ASIC Design with VHDL