2. Writing the Problem Statement 問題描述 柯泰德網路線上科技英文論文編修服務

3. Writing the problem statement for your work or research proposal comprises the following parts: Setting of work proposal 工作提案建構 : 你工作提案的主題是什麼 ? 你的讀者 可以明瞭工作提案的內容嗎 ? Work problem 工作問題 : 你的工作提 案裡有你試著要解決或是想更進一步 瞭解的問題嗎 ?

4. Quantitative specification of problem 問 題的量化 : 你要如何量化問題來讓你的 讀者明白之前文獻研究所遇到的量化 限制 ? Importance of problem 問題的中心 : 如 果問題沒被解決或是充分瞭解, 這對工 作提案的讀者會有多大的負面衝擊 ? Project need 計劃需求 : 根據以上問題, 最迫切的計劃需求是什麼 ?

5. Setting of work proposal 工作提案建 構 : What is the topic of interest that your work proposal is concerned with? Can you point the reader of your work proposal to the general area which you are concerned with? 你工作提案的主題是什麼 ? 你的讀者 可以明瞭工作提案 Consider the following examples:

6. u A decision-making environment is increasingly complex. u Consumer demand on the water supply in southern Taiwan has significantly increased in recent years owing to population and industrial growth, as well as elevated living standards. u Statistical approaches such as scored methods are extensively used to optimize the process parameters of ordered categorical responses. u Process quality and delivery time have received increasing emphasis in industry.

7. u Process capability index is a highly effective means of evaluating process performance. u Enterprises trade with each other by carefully considering business ratings to reduce investment risks. u An increasing number of wafer fabs use a control chart to detect assignable causes, making it extremely difficult for engineers to effectively control the wafer process. u Predicting the amount of residuals in ground water contaminants has been extensively studied. u Owing to their lowest density among all metallic structural materials, magnesium alloys are highly promising for their diverse use in the automotive, railway, aerospace, computer, communications and consumer electronics industries.

8. Work problem 工作問題 : What is the problem that you are trying either to solve or more thoroughly understand in the work proposal? 你的工作提案裡有你試著要解 決或是想更進一步瞭解的問題 嗎 ?

9. u Conventional evaluation models are concerned only with economic factors and neglect factors that can not be evaluated by money. u Although the reservoir supply in southern Taiwan can satisfy the current water demand, increasing demands will soon surpass the reservoir’s capabilities. u These methods inaccurately estimate the dispersion effect, thereby confounding the location effect and dispersion effect. u Conventional process capability indices(PCIs) are unable not only to objectively assess quality and delivery time, but also to identify how PCIs and yield rate are related.

10. u Conventional process capability indices can not measure a non-normal distribution process accurately. u Conventional mathematic models have difficulty in discriminating between multiple ranks. u Conventional control charts are designed for manufacturing systems with only one source of variation, making it impossible to control several independent sources of variation. u These alloys have a low formability near room temperature and are more expensive than plastics, aluminum, steel and cast iron.

11. Quantitative specification of problem 問 題的量化 : How can you quantitatively define the problem so that the reader understands the quantitative limitations of previous efforts to solve this problem? 你要如何量化問題來讓你的讀者明白 之前文獻研究所遇到的量化限制 ? Consider the following examples:

12. u A prediction accuracy of only 60% among departed models… u The inability to measure a non-normal distribution process accurately… u An error rate exceeding 20%…

13. u A situation in which the formability near room temperature does not reach 20% elongation… u Increasing the evaporation speed by 1% increases the resistance by 5%… u The failure to understand precisely which microscopic features form a particular phase topology…

14. Importance of problem 問題的中心 : If the problem remains unsolved or not thoroughly understood, how will this negatively impact the reader of your work proposal? 如果問題沒被解決或是充分瞭解, 這對工作提案的讀者會有多大的負 面衝擊 ? Consider the following examples:

15. u Conventional models may cause decision makers to select an inappropriate scheme. u The lack of an effective water distributed strategy for current reservoirs will lead to frequent water shortages in southern Taiwan. u Implementing those methods leads to an inaccurate optimal level combination of process parameters. u The lack of an objective procedure leads to inefficiency and a high overhead cost.

16. u This surging demand will lead to the increased drilling of new wells to locate u groundwater resources, which is extremely expensive. u Using such charts often leads to ineffective and futile searches for assignable causes, thus expending a considerable amount of manpower and capital. u The inability to understand its impact on ionic conductivity makes it impossible not only to estimate the radiation defect rebuilding in cesium halides doped with OH-impurity, but also to measure the ionic conductivity of irradiated crystals.

17. u The inability to fully understand its physical nature further delays experimental investigation and possible industrial applications of these crystals. u The inability to fully understand the exoemission mechanism makes it impossible to detect and investigate defects in the surface layouts of the crystals.

18. Project need 計劃需求 : Based on the problem defined above, what is the immediate project need? 根據以上問題, 最迫切的 計劃需求是什麼 ? Consider the following examples:

19. u A flexible and accurate neural network structure must be developed that applies artificial intelligence in fuzzy theory to business ratings and bankruptcy prediction. u An optimal operating model must be developed, capable of choosing an effective monitor well to adequately control a groundwater system. u A process capability index must be developed that adopts the Clement’s and Bootstrap methods to overcome these obstacles.

20. u An optimization model must be developed, capable of effectively managing water resources for current reservoirs in order to decrease the probability of water shortages. u An efficient quality control process must be developed, capable of detecting assignable causes concealed behind multiple characteristics and multiple readings in a manufacturing system with several sources of variation.

21. u A NAPL simulator model must be developed that contains several parameters acquired by experimental data. u A processing method must be developed, capable of producing materials in a required shape at a relatively low cost directly from wrought products.

22. u An appropriate evaluation model capable of selecting natural gas bus brands must be developed. u A novel response surface methodology with simplified calculations must be developed to accurately estimate the location effect and dispersion effect, leading to an optimal level combination of process parameters. u An efficient hypothesis testing procedure for PCIS must be developed, capable of assessing the performance of operational cycle time (OCT) and delivery time (DT) for VLSI..

23. Putting it together: Writing the problem statement 問題描述 Consider the following examples:

24. u ( example 1 )Setting of work proposal 工作提 案建構 Enterprises trade with each other by carefully considering business ratings to reduce investment risks. Work problem 工作問題 However, conventional mathematic models have difficulty in discriminating between multiple ranks. Quantitative specification of problem 問題的量化 A prediction accuracy of only 60% among departed models Importance of problem 問題的中心 exposes traders to unnecessarily high risks. Project need 計劃需 求 Therefore, a flexible and accurate neural network structure must be developed that applies artificial intelligence in fuzzy theory to business ratings and bankruptcy prediction.

25. u (example 2 )Setting of work proposal 工作提 案建構 Demands on the water supply in Taiwan have skyrocketed owing to the island's increasing population and elevated living standards. Work problem 工作問題 Eventually, the current reservoir supply will be insufficient if current demands from personal and industrial use persist. Importance of problem 問題的中心 Consequently, this surging demand will lead to the increased drilling of new wells to locate groundwater resources, which is extremely expensive. Project need 計劃需求 An optimal operating model must therefore be developed, capable of choosing an effective monitor well to adequately control a groundwater system.

26. u ( example 3 ) Setting of work proposal 工作提案建 構 Engineers heavily emphasize applicability and the accuracy when using a process capability index to evaluate how a process performs. Work problem 工 作問題 However, using conventional process capability indices to evaluate a non-normal distribution process often leads to inaccurate results. Additionally, calculating a point estimator with sampling data leads to inaccurately estimation of the process capability index of process population. Although sampling more data can increase the accuracy of an estimator, such an approach would be costly and time consuming.

27. u Importance of problem 問題的中心 Above limitations would cause engineers to to error when comparing manufacturing processes or selecting an alternative supplier. Project need 計 劃需求 Therefore, a process capability index must be developed that adopts the Clement’s and Bootstrap methods to overcome these obstacles.

28. u ( example 4 )Setting of work proposal 工作提案建構 Consumer demand on the water supply in southern Taiwan has significantly increased in recent years owing to population and industrial growth, as well as elevated living standards. Work problem 工作問題 Although the reservoir supply in southern Taiwan can satisfy the current water demand, increasing demands will soon surpass the system’s capabilities. Importance of problem 問題的中心 Moreover, the lack of an effective water distributed strategy for current reservoirs will lead to frequent water shortages in southern Taiwan. Project need 計劃需求 An optimization model must therefore be developed, capable of effectively managing water resources for current reservoirs in order to decrease the probability of water shortages.

29. u Setting of work proposal 工作提案建構 An increasing number of wafer fabs use a control chart to detect assignable causes, making it extremely difficult for engineers to effectively control the wafer process. Work problem 工作問題 However, conventional control charts are designed for manufacturing systems with only one source of variation, making it impossible to control several independent sources of variation. Importance of problem 問題的中心 Using such charts often leads to ineffective and futile searches for assignable causes, thus wasting a considerable amount of manpower and capital. Project need 計劃需求 Therefore, an efficient quality control process must be developed, capable of detecting assignable causes concealed behind multiple characteristics and multiple readings in a manufacturing system with several sources of variation.

30. u (example 5) Setting of work proposal 工作提 案建構 Predicting the amount of residuals of ground water contaminants has been extensively studied. Work problem 工作問題 However, their amount cannot be predicted accurately Quantitative specification of problem 問題的量化 when errors exceeding 20% as caused by uncertain and insufficient hydrology data make it impossible to accurately predict their amount. Importance of problem 問題的中心 An error rate exceeding 20% falls below R.O.C. environmental protection standards. Project need 計劃需求 Therefore, a NAPL simulator model must be developed that contains several parameters acquired by experimental data.

31. u ( example 6 ) Setting of work proposal 工作提 案建構 Owing to their lowest density among all metallic structural materials, magnesium alloys are highly promising for their diverse use in the automotive, railway, aerospace, computer, communications and consumer electronics industries. Work problem 工作問題 However, these alloys have a low formability near room temperature and are more expensive than plastics, aluminum, steel and cast iron. Quantitative specification of problem 問題的 量化 A situation in which the formability near room temperature does not reach 20% elongation

32. u Importance of problem 問題的中心 limits commercial applications of magnesium and its alloys. Project need 計劃需求 A processing method must therefore be developed, capable of producing materials in a required shape at a relatively low cost directly from wrought products.

33. u ( example 7 )Setting of work proposal 工作提案建 構 A decision-making environment is increasingly complex, Work problem 工作問題 accounting for why conventional evaluation models are concerned only with economic factors and neglect those factors that can not be evaluated by money. Quantitative specification of problem 問題的量化 In addition to an economic criterion, for example, when evaluating different brands of a bus system, many criterion are still available such as the level of pollution made by bus and the driving abilities of a bus.

34. u Importance of problem 問題的中心 Consequently, such models may cause an incomplete evaluation and decision makers may ultimately select an inappropriate scheme. Moreover, implementing an inappropriate scheme will incur large social costs and loss of resources. Project need 計劃需求 Therefore, an appropriate evaluation model capable of selecting natural gas bus brands must be developed.

35. u (example8 ) Setting of work proposal 工作提案建構 Despite their extensive use in solving problems related to ordered categorical data quality, Work problem 工作問 題 conventional scored methods are unnecessarily complex and inaccurate in terms of estimating the dispersion effect. Quantitative specification of problem 問題的量化 Additionally, their implementation leads to an inaccurate optimal level combination of process parameters, Importance of problem 問題的中心 thus requiring a large amount of time and a higher cost in product design stage. Project need 計劃需求 Therefore, a novel response surface methodology with simplified calculations must be developed to accurately estimate the location effect and dispersion effect, leading to an optimal level combination of process parameters.

36. u (example 9 ) Setting of work proposal 工作提案 建構 Although process quality and delivery time have received increasing emphasis in industry, Work problem 工作問題 conventional process capability indices (PCIs) are unable not only to objectively assess quality and delivery time but also to identify how PCIs and yield rate are related. Quantitative specification of problem 問題的量化 Consequently, the lack of an effective performance index and an objective procedure will lead to inefficiency and a high overhead cost.

37. u Importance of problem 問題的中心 Furthermore, firms that perform poorly in terms of quality and delivery will lose their market competitiveness. Project need 計劃需求 Therefore, an efficient hypothesis testing procedure for PCIS must be developed, capable of assessing the performance of operational cycle time (OCT) and delivery time (DT) for VLSI.

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