1. " An example of emerging diseases in Spain" U C M M. J. Illera Dpto. Fisiología Animal Facultad de Veterinaria. Universidad Complutense Madrid Universidad Complutense MadridSpain.

2. Livestock production is 40% of the total Agricultural Production Agricultural production 50% 600 millions of animals 6.653.087 cows 24,9 millions of pigs 23,5 millions of sheep 3,8 millions goats 564.372.000 broilers 2.774.000 turkyes 1,200t of fish. 300.000 horses

3. Minister General Secretary of Fishery, Livestock and Agriculture Gral direction of Livestock Gral direction of Agriculture Gral direction of Rural development Gral direction of Food

4. Under the lightest suspiction a having the disease call the vet. The veterinarian of the farm has to call the vet of the community RD 1993

5. Spanish Sanitary Alert System for Animal Health RD 1440/2001 National Committee Service of Quick Response (SIR) Sanitary Alert Web (RASVE)

6. RASVE Committee (Dir. MAPA + CCAA + LNR) NATIONAL CENTER OF EMERGENCY MAPA+ CCAA CRISIS COMITTEE Dir MAPA+ affected CCAA LOCAL Center CCAA+ affected area OUTBREAK Service of quick Response Veterinarians of Gral Direction of Livestock Expertise group Center of National reference

7. DEREFERENCIAServicios Veterinarios Oficiales CENTRO LOCAL DE CRISIS(comarcales, provinciales, autonómicos)Visita a la explotación sospechosa:- Inmovilización- Inspección clínica- Toma de muestras- Encuesta epidemiológicaLaboratorio CCAAPOSITIVO ó DUDOSOPOSITIVOMAPAPUESTA EN MARCHA DE MEDIDASDE CONTROL Y ERRADICACIÓNCOMUNICACIÓN DERESULTADOS A CCAANOTIFICACIÓN FOCOPOR LA CCAAPUESTA EN MARCHA DE MEDIDAS ENEL RESTO DEL TERRITORIO NACIONALACTUACIÓN S.I.RGRUPO DEEXPERTOSEXPLOTACIÓNganaderaNOTIFICACIÓN

8. Illness Suspected in a farm Suspicion that the farm is inspected no conclusion is drawn from the lab diagnosis After a epidemiologic “survey”. If an illness is suspected as art.4 of the RD2223/1993 says a Veterinary inspector will visit the supposedly infected farm with the appropiate cloth for biosecurity and the vehicle used shouldn´t enter the farm

9. Rapid notification to the Vet autorities. Animal inmovilization Slaughtering of infected herd (as soon as possible) Stringent desinfection Periodic inspections of the farms Desinfection of the vehicles used for transport Animal and vehicle movement controls within the infected areas Control of the people and products of foreing countries Spanish State Coordinated Plan of Veterinary Alert

10. The veterinay inspector should proceed to: Count the animals Inmobilize them, Write the number of suspected sick or dead animals The people who live in the farm have controlled movements All the products of the farm will be inmoblized too. Milk, semen, garments etc Proceede to a clinical exam according to the protocol of clinic inspection Dead animals must be necropsied Make a differential diagnosis with other illneses that have similar symptoms

11. In areas where there is an especially high concentration of farms with susceptible animals, further action may also needed to prevent the spread of disease. For example, the culling of animals in the neighbourhood and/ or emergency vaccination. Movement restriction: The movement of livestock is restricted nationally. In addition, local restrictions are imposed, so that people and vehicles are decontaminated as they enter and leave infected premises Rapid culling: Animals on infected and high-risk farms are culled.

12. Took samples according to protocol Blood of the sick or supected animals Serological checking of the rest of the animals who allow the detection a 5% of prevalence with 95% of confidence Fecal samples of supected animals Liquid of the vesicles All the samples will be send to the Nacional Reference Laboratory

13. RD 2223/93 CLASSICAL SWINE FEVER FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE RD 1071/02DEC 2002/106/CE Diseases of obliglatory notification AFRICAN SWINE FEVER RD 546/03DEC 2003/422/CE EQUINE PEST RD 680/93 BLUETONGUE RD 1220/01 RD 1988/93 NEWCASTLE DISEASE RD 1025/93 AVIAN INFLUENZA BOVINE SPONGIFORM ENCEPHALOPATHY RD 3454/00 HAEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA RD 3481/00 INFECTIOUS SALMON ANAEMIA RD 3481/00 INFECCIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS RD 3481/00 Spanish-Alert

14. VESICULAR DISEASES RD 650/94 DEC 2000/428/CE VESICULAR STOMATITIS RD 650/94 RINDERPEST RD 650/94 PESTE DES PETITS RUMINANTS RD 650/94 CONTAGIOUS BOVINE PLEUROPNEUMONIA RD 650/94 OVINE-CAPRINE POX RD 650/94 RIFT VALLEY FEVER RD 650/94 TESCHEN´S DISEASES CONTAGIOUS NODULAR DERMATOSIS RD 650/94

15. Technical expertise will be made available to organize and guide in regional and even national training programmes, meetings, workshops for Veterinary Services of Member Countries in every region, as required by the regional needs.

16. Classical swine fever Russia FMD outbreak reported in Quinhai, China 16/02/2007 FMD still suspected in Mato Grosso Do Sul, Br 07/02/2007 FMD outbreak in Malaysia New FMD outbreak in Azuay, Ecuador Latest news Blue tongue: in Holland 456, Belgium 695, Germany 884, France 6, Luxemburg 5. New outbreak in Marroco, Tunizia and Italy (Sardinia) new serotipe 03/04/2007 3/4/07

17. Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most contagious diseases of mammals and has a great potential for causing severe economic loss. It affects cloven-hoofed animals. AETIOLOGY Classification of the causative agent A virus of the family Picornaviridae, genus Aphthovirus. Seven immunologically distinct serotypes: A, O, C, SAT1, SAT2, SAT3, Asia1 Resistance to physical and chemical action

18. Survives in lymph nodes and bone marrow at neutral pH, but destroyed in muscle when is pH <6.0 i.e. after rigor mortis. Can persist in contaminated fodder and the environment for up to 1 month, depending on the temperature and pH conditions Survival Inactivated by sodium hydroxide (2%), sodium carbonate (4%), and citric acid (0.2%). Resistant to iodophores, quaternary ammonium compounds, hypoclorite and phenol, especially in the presence of organic matter Disinfectants: Preserved by refrigeration and freezing and progressively inactivated by temperatures above 50°C Inactivated by pH 9.0 pH: Temperature

19. EPIDEMIOLOGY Bovidae (cattle, zebus, domestic buffaloes, yaks), sheep, goats, swine, all wild ruminants and suidae. Camelidae (camels, dromedaries, llamas, vicunas) have low susceptibility Hosts Transmission 1.Direct or indirect contact (droplets) 2.Animate vectors (humans, etc.) 3.Inanimate vectors (vehicles, implements) 4.Airborne, especially temperate zones (up to 60 km overland and 5.300 km by sea)

20. Sources of virus Incubating and clinically affected animals Breath, saliva, faeces, and urine; milk and semen (up to 4 days before clinical signs) Meat and by-products in which pH has remained above 6.0 Carriers: particularly cattle and water buffalo; convalescent animals and exposed vaccinates (virus persists in the oropharynx for up to 30 months in cattle or longer in buffalo, 9 months in sheep). African Cape buffalo are the major maintenance host of SAT serotypes

22. Incubation period is 2-14 days DIAGNOSIS Pyrexia, anorexia, shivering, reduction in milk production for 2-3 days, then Clinical diagnosis after 24 hours: rupture of vesicles leaving erosions vesicles can also occur on the mammary glands Recovery generally occurs within 8-15 days

24. tongue erosions, superinfection of lesions, hoof deformation, mastitis and permanent impairment of milk production, myocarditis, abortion, death of young animals, permanent loss of weight, loss of heat control ('panters' Lesions Complications: Vesicles or blisters on the tongue, dental pad, gums, cheek, hard and soft palate, lips, nostrils, muzzle, coronary bands, teats, udder, snout of pigs, corium of dewclaws and interdigital spaces Post-mortem lesions on rumen pillars, in the myocardium, particularly of young animals (tiger heart)

25. Prevention the EU has stablish the erradication of these disease by slaughtering all animals (healthy or not) instead of vaccinating. When FMD is confirmed the NCE will be inclined to vaccinate in case of emergency with the help of the local affected centers. Plan Coordinado Estatal de Alerta Sanitaria Veterinaria