2. AP Biology Nucleic Acids 2006-2007 Information storage

3. AP Biology Nucleic Acids Function: store & transmit genetic information Examples: RNA (ribonucleic acid) (rRNA, mRNA, tRNA) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) ATP (adenosine triphosphate) Supplies energy for synthetic reactions and for other energy-requiring processes in cells Structure: monomers = nucleotides Polymers = polynucleotides (DNA, RNA)

4. AP Biology Nucleotides 3 parts nitrogen base (C-N ring) pentose sugar (5C) ribose in RNA deoxyribose in DNA phosphate (PO 4 ) group

5. AP Biology RNA & DNA RNA single nucleotide chain DNA double nucleotide chain N bases bond in pairs across chains spiraled in a double helix

6. AP Biology Building the polymer

7. AP Biology Nucleic polymer Backbone sugar to PO 4 bond new base added to sugar of previous base polymer grows in one direction N bases hang off the sugar-phosphate backbone Dangling bases? Why is this important?

8. AP Biology DNA molecule Double helix H bonds between bases join the 2 strands Adenine:: Thymine (A-T) Cytosine:: Guanine (C-G) RNA oA-U (Uracil) oG-C

9. AP Biology Information polymer Function series of bases encodes information like the letters of a book stored information is passed from parent to offspring need to copy accurately stored information = genes genetic information Passing on information? Why is this important?

10. AP Biology A A A A T C G C G T G C T

11. ATP Adenosine triphosphate Adenosine Composed of adenine and ribose Triphosphate 3 phosphate groups attached to each other and the ribose ATP = High energy molecule -supplies energy for muscle contraction and nerve impulses ADP = Lower energy molecule (diphosphate) ++

12. AP Biology What are the complementary base pairs for DNA? A. A-T and G-U B. A-T and G-C C. A-U and G-C D. A-T and C-U

13. AP Biology What is one difference between DNA and RNA? A. DNA has uracil and RNA does not B. RNA is single stranded and DNA is double stranded C. DNA has 4 bases and RNA has 5 D. DNA has a ribose sugar and RNA does not

14. AP Biology What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? A. 5 C sugar, carbon base, carboxyl group B. 3 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group C. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group D. 5 C sugar, nitrogen base, hydroxyl group

15. AP Biology Which of the following supplies cellular energy for muscle contractions and nerve impulses? A. DNA B. RNA C. ATP D. ABC

16. AP Biology Macromolecules Review 2006-2007

17. AP Biology Carbohydrates Structure / monomer monosaccharide Function energy raw materials energy storage structural compounds Examples glucose, starch, cellulose, glycogen glycosidic bond

18. AP Biology Lipids Structure triglycerides, steroids, phospholipids, waxes Function energy storage membranes Sex Hormones Insulation/protection Examples Saturated & unsaturated fat, steroids, waxes, phospholipids

19. AP Biology Proteins Structure / monomer amino acids levels of structure Primary Secondary Tertiery Quaternary Function enzymes u defense transport u structure signals u receptors Examples digestive enzymes, membrane channels, insulin hormone, actin and myosin, antibodies, collagen peptide bond

20. AP Biology Nucleic acids Structure / monomer nucleotide Function information storage & transfer Examples DNA, RNA

21. AP Biology PASSWORD 2006-2007

22. AP Biology Isomers Functional group hydrocarbon

23. AP Biology monosaccharide cellulose polysaccharide

24. AP Biology Glucose Benedict’s solution Iodine

25. AP Biology Triglyceride Phospholipid Fatty acid

26. AP Biology Nitric Acid Secondary Structure Tertiary Structure

27. AP Biology Amino acid R group 20

28. AP Biology Polypeptide Enzyme Denature

29. AP Biology Nucleotide Deoxyribonucleic acid adenine

30. AP Biology Adenosine triphosphate Cytosine Double helix

31. AP Biology Hemoglobin Insulin Keratin

32. AP Biology MONOSACCHARIDEAMINO ACIDTRIGLCERIDE STEROIDPHOSPHOLIPIDNUCLEOTIDE