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Engineering Active Sites for Sustainable Catalysis Robert Raja
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Cascade Reactions & Flow Chemistry Vitamins Agrochemicals Fragrances and flavours Food-additives Porous Molecular Frameworks The Strategy: Designing novel framework structures (zeolites, AlPOs, MOFs, ZIFS). Isomorphous substitution of framework anions and cations with catalytically active transition-metal entities. Take advantage of pore aperture for shape-, regio- and enantio-selectivity Properties: Hybrid/hierarchical architectures. Wide-ranging chemical properties Redox catalysis (selective oxidations, epoxidation). Acid catalysis (alkylations, isomerisations, dehydration). Bifunctional and cascade reactions Oxyfunctionalization of alkanes and aromatics (C–H activation) High thermal stability/recyclability Structure-property relationships Greener Nylon Terephthalate-based fibres Liquid-phase Beckmann reactions -Caprolactam synthesis Bio-Ethanol dehydration Fine-Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals Industrial Research Projects Bulk Chemicals & Energy Key Benefits: Replace highly corrosive and more expensive oxidants with benign ones (molecular oxygen) Access mechanistic pathways that were hitherto difficult Synergy in catalytic transformations Catalyst and process conditions amenable for industrial exploitation Chem. Commun., 2011, 47, 517–519 Engineering Active Sites for Enhancing Catalytic Synergy
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Role in Future Challenges Sustainable energy Atom-efficient Catalysis Benign Reagents Eliminate Waste Renewable Fuels Renewable energy Clean drinking water CO 2 capture Sustainable Catalysis For Renewable Energy Applications: Research Areas Renewable Transport Fuels Bio-Ethanol & Biomass Conversions Hybrid Biofuels (1 st and 2 nd generation) Bio-diesel Hydrogen Economy Industrial Hydrogenations Low-temperature acid catalysis Alternatives to PGM Catalysts Key Benefits: Better compositional control compared to traditional methods such as incipient wetness and deposition/precipitation Improved site-isolation aids catalytic turnover Use of oxophile reduces amount of noble metals and aids anchoring Exceptional synergy in catalytic reactions (akin to enzymes) Access mechanistic pathways that were hitherto difficult Process conditions amenable for industrial exploitation Collaborative Projects 1.Photocatalytic-splitting of water for the generation of H 2 and O 2 2.Harvesting marine-energy for potential impact on H 2 economy Engineering Perspective 1.Developing marine exhaust- gas cleaning technologies 2.Selective catalytic reduction for removal on NOx, SOx, VOCs, particulates from diesel engines Dalton Trans., 2012, 41, 982-989
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Hybrid Catalysts for Biomass Conversions and Multifunctional Hierarchical Architectures for Biodiesel Production Bio-Ethanol/ Propanol Ethylene/ Propylene Synergy Academic & Industrial Partnership Programs Renewable Transport Fuels Bio-Ethanol and Biomass Conversions Hybrid Biofuels (1 st and 2 nd Generation) Biodiesel & Bioenergy Hydrogen Economy Alternatives to PGM Catalysts Industrial Hydrogenations Low-Temperature Acid-Catalysis Renewable Polymers Single-Step Cascade Reactions for the Conversion of Vegetable Oils to FAMES & Direct Glycerol conversion to 1,3-propanediol
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