1.  Alcohols for fuel: Biological energy to usable energy Beth Papanek

2. Three main alcohols:  Methanol  Ethanol  Butanol

3. History of Ethanol biofuelsdigest.com

4. Potential Yield

5. History of Butanol  Produced commercially starting in the 1920’s Source: Hans Blaschek

6. Ethanol vs. Butanol Wikipedia: “Ethanol” “isobutanol”

7. Comparison Source: Hans Blaschek

8. Quick Biochem overview…

9. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

10. Butanol Metabolism Source: Hans Blaschek

11. Problem: Preferential Hexose consumption Source: bio.miami.edu 38-50% Cellulose, 15-30% Lignin, 23-32% Hemicellulose in cellulosic plants

13. Possible Improvements: Genetic Engineering  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  Gene expression for xylose uptake  Increased xylose transport  Clostridium beijerinckii  Inhibitor tolerance  Metabolic constraints  Electron flow

14. References Ezeji, T., Qureshi, N., Blaschek, H. (2007) Bioproduction of butanol from biomass: from genes to bioreactors. Current Opinion in Biotechnology. 18: 220-227. Gray, K., Zhao, L., Emptage, M. (2006) Bioethanol. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology. 10: 141-146. Nevoigt, E. (2008) Progress in Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbioloby and Molecular Biology Reviews. 72: 379-412.