Double Replacement 1. Hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of silver nitrate. H 2 S(g) + AgNO 3 (aq) --> HNO 3 (aq) + Ag 2 S(s) H 2 S + Ag +

Double Replacement 1. Hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of silver nitrate. H 2 S(g) + AgNO 3 (aq) --> HNO 3 (aq) + Ag 2 S(s) H 2 S + Ag + + NO 3 - --> H + +NO 3 - + Ag 2 S H 2 S + Ag +  H + + Ag 2 S

2. An excess of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of magnesium nitrate. OH - + Mg 2+  Mg(OH) 2

3. Solutions of sodium iodide and lead nitrate are mixed. I - + Pb 2+  PbI 2

4. A solution of ammonia is added to a solution of ferric chloride. NH 3 (g) + H 2 O(l) + FeCl 3 (aq) --> NH 4 Cl(aq) + Fe(OH) 3 (s) NH 3 + H 2 O + Fe 3+ + Cl -  NH 4 + + Cl - + Fe(OH) 3 NH 3 + H 2 O + Fe 3+  NH 4 + + Fe(OH) 3

5. Solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed. Ag + + CrO 4 2-  Ag 2 CrO 4

6. Excess silver acetate is added to a solution of trisodium phosphate. Ag + + PO 4 3-  Ag 3 PO 4

7. Manganese(II) nitrate solution is mixed with sodium hydroxide solution. Mn 2+ + OH -  Mn(OH) 2

8. A saturated solution of calcium hydroxide is added to a solution of magnesium chloride. Mg 2+ + OH -  Mg(OH) 2

9. Hydrogen sulfide gas is added to a solution of cadmium nitrate. H 2 S + Cd 2+  CdS + H +

10. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium acetate. H + + SO 4 2- + Ba 2+ + C 2 H 3 O 2 -  BaSO 4 + HC 2 H 3 O 2

11A precipitate is formed when solutions of trisodium phosphate and calcium chloride are mixed. PO 4 3- + Ca 2+  Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 11. A precipitate is formed when solutions of trisodium phosphate and calcium chloride are mixed. PO 4 3- + Ca 2+  Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2

12. A solution of copper(II) sulfate is added to a solution of barium hydroxide. Cu 2+ + SO 4 2- + Ba 2+ + OH -  Cu(OH) 2 + BaSO 4

13Equal volumes of dilute equimolar solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are mixed. Na 2 CO 3 (aq) + HCl(aq) --> NaCl(aq) + NaHCO 3 (aq) 2Na + + CO 3 2- + H + +Cl - --> Na + + Cl - + Na + + HCO 3 - H + + CO 3 2-  HCO 3 - 13. Equal volumes of dilute equimolar solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid are mixed. Na 2 CO 3 (aq) + HCl(aq) --> NaCl(aq) + NaHCO 3 (aq) 2Na + + CO 3 2- + H + +Cl - --> Na + + Cl - + Na + + HCO 3 - H + + CO 3 2-  HCO 3 -

14. Solid barium peroxide is added to cold dilute sulfuric acid. BaO 2 (s) + H 2 SO 4 (aq) --> BaSO 4 (s) + H 2 O 2 (l) BaO 2 +H + + SO 4 2-  BaSO 4 + H 2 O 2

15. Excess hydrochloric acid solution is added to a solution of potassium sulfite. HCl(aq) + K 2 SO 3 (aq) --> H 2 O(l) + SO 2 (g) + KCl(aq) H + + Cl - + K + + SO 3 2- --> H 2 O + SO 2 + K + + Cl - H + + SO 3 2-  H 2 O + SO 2

16. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium chloride. H 2 SO 4 (aq) + BaCl 2 (aq) --> HCl(aq) + BaSO 4 (s) H + + SO 4 2- + Ba 2+ + Cl - --> H + + Cl - + BaSO 4 SO 4 2- + Ba 2+  BaSO 4

17. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of ammonium chloride. NaOH(aq) + NH 4 Cl(aq) --> NaCl(aq) + NH 3 (g) + H 2 O(l) Na + + OH - + NH 4 + + Cl - --> Na + + Cl - + NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 + + OH -  NH 3 + H 2 O

18. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium carbonate. HCl(aq) + K 2 CO 3 (aq) --> H 2 O(l) + CO 2 (g) + KCl(aq) H + + Cl - + K + + CO 3 2- --> H 2 O + CO 2 + K + + Cl - H + + CO 3 2-  H 2 O + CO 2

19. Gaseous hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of nickel(II) nitrate. H 2 S(g) + Ni(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) --> HNO 3 (aq) + NiS(s) H 2 S + Ni 2+ + NO 3 - --> H + + NO 3 - + NiS H 2 S + Ni 2+  NiS + H +

20. A solution of sodium sulfide is added to a solution of zinc nitrate. Na 2 S(aq) + Zn(NO 3 ) 2 (aq) --> NaNO 3 (aq) + ZnS(s) Na + + S 2- + Zn 2+ + NO 3 - --> Na + + NO 3 - + ZnS S 2- + Zn 2+  ZnS

21. Concentrated hydrochloric acid is added to solid manganese(II) sulfide. H + + MnS  H 2 S + Mn 2+

22. Solutions of tri-potassium phosphate and zinc nitrate are mixed. PO 4 3- + Zn 2+  Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2

23. Dilute acetic acid solution is added to solid magnesium carbonate. HC 2 H 3 O 2 + MgCO 3  H 2 O + CO 2 + Mg 2+ + C 2 H 3 O 2 -

24. Gaseous hydrofluoric acid reacts with solid silicon dioxide. HF + SiO 2  H 2 O + SiF 4

25. Equimolar amounts of trisodium phosphate and hydrogen chloride, both in solution, are mixed. PO 4 3- + H +  HPO 4 2-

26. Ammonium chloride crystals are added to a solution of sodium hydroxide. NH 4 Cl + OH -  NH 3 + H 2 O + Cl -

27. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of lead(II) nitrate. H 2 S + Pb 2+  PbS + H +

28. Solutions of silver nitrate and sodium chromate are mixed. Ag + + CrO 4 2-  Ag 2 CrO 4

29. Solutions of sodium fluoride and dilute hydrochloric acid are mixed. F - + H +  HF

30. A saturated solution of barium hydroxide is mixed with a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Ba 2+ + OH - + Fe 3+ + SO 4 2-  BaSO 4 + Fe(OH) 3

31. A solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a potassium hydroxide solution. NH 4 + + OH -  NH 3 + H 2 O

32. A solution of ammonium sulfate is added to a saturated solution of barium hydroxide. NH 4 + + SO 4 2- + Ba 2+ +OH -  NH 3 + H 2 O + BaSO 4

33. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to solid calcium fluoride. H + + SO 4 2- + CaF 2  CaSO 4 + HF

34. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a dilute solution of mercury(I) nitrate. Cl - + Hg 2 2+  Hg 2 Cl 2

35. Dilute sulfuric acid is added to a solution of lithium hydrogen carbonate. H + + HCO 3 -  H 2 O + CO 2

36. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of potassium sulfite. H + + SO 3 2-  H 2 O + SO 2

37Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through water containing a suspension of calcium carbonate. CO 2 + CaCO 3 + H 2 O  HCO 3 - + Ca 2+ 37. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through water containing a suspension of calcium carbonate. CO 2 + CaCO 3 + H 2 O  HCO 3 - + Ca 2+

38. Excess concentrated sulfuric acid is added to solid calcium phosphate. H 2 SO 4 + Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2  H 3 PO 4 + CaSO 4 (or Ca 2+ + SO 4 2- )

39. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled into a solution of mercury(II) chloride. H 2 S + Hg 2+  HgS + H +

40. Solutions of zinc sulfate and sodium phosphate are mixed. Zn 2+ + PO 4 3 - --> Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2

41. Solutions of silver nitrate and lithium bromide are mixed. Ag + + Br - --> AgBr

42. Solutions of manganese(II) sulfate and ammonium sulfide are mixed. Mn 2+ + S 2- --> MnS

43. Excess hydrochloric acid solution is added to a solution of potassium sulfite. H + + SO 3 2- --> H 2 O + SO 2

SingleReplacement 1. A piece of aluminum metal is added to a solution of silver nitrate. Al(s) + AgNO 3 (aq) --> Al(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) + Ag(s) Al + Ag+ + NO 3 - --> Al 3+ + NO 3 - + Ag Al + Ag +  Al 3+ + Ag SingleReplacement 1. A piece of aluminum metal is added to a solution of silver nitrate. Al(s) + AgNO 3 (aq) --> Al(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) + Ag(s) Al + Ag+ + NO 3 - --> Al 3+ + NO 3 - + Ag Al + Ag +  Al 3+ + Ag

2. Aluminum metal is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride. Al(s) + CuCl 2 (aq) --> Cu(s) + AlCl 3 (aq) Al + Cu 2+ + Cl - --> Cu + Al 3+ + Cl - Al + Cu 2+  Al 3+ + Cu

3. Hydrogen gas is passed over hot copper(II) oxide. H 2 + CuO  H 2 O + Cu

4. Small chunks of solid sodium are added to water. Na + H 2 O  Na + + OH - + H 2

5. Calcium metal is added to a dilute solution of hydrochloric acid. Ca + H +  Ca 2+ + H 2

6. Magnesium turnings are added to a solution of iron(III) chloride. Mg + Fe 3+  Mg 2+ + Fe

7. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium bromide. Cl 2 + Br -  Cl - + Br 2

8. A strip of magnesium is added to a solution of silver nitrate. Mg + Ag +  Mg 2+ + Ag

9. Solid calcium is added to warm water. Ca + H 2 O  Ca 2+ + OH - + H 2

10. Liquid bromine is added to a solution of potassium iodide. Br 2 + I -  Br - + I 2

11. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of potassium iodide. Cl 2 + I -  Cl - + I 2

12. Lead foil is immersed in silver nitrate solution. Pb + Ag +  Pb 2+ + Ag

13. Solid zinc strips are added to a solution of copper(II) sulfate. Zn + Cu 2+  Zn 2+ + Cu

14. Sodium metal is added to water. Na + H 2 O  Na + + OH - + H 2

15. A bar of zinc metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate. Zn + Cu 2+  Zn 2+ + Cu

16. A small piece of sodium metal is added to distilled water. Na + H 2 O --> Na + + OH - + H 2

Combustion 1. Lithium metal is burned in air. Li + O 2  Li 2 O

2. The hydrocarbon hexane is burned in excess oxygen. C 6 H 14 + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

3. Gaseous diborane, B 2 H 6, is burned in excess oxygen. B 2 H 6 + O 2  B 2 O 3 + H 2 O

4. A piece of solid bismuth is heated strongly in oxygen. Bi + O 2  Bi 2 O 3

5. Solid zinc sulfide is heated in an excess of oxygen. ZnS + O 2  ZnO + SO 2

6. Propanol is burned completely in air. C 3 H 7 OH + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

7. Excess oxygen gas is mixed with ammonia gas in the presence of platinum. O 2 + NH 3 NO 2 + H 2 O

8. Gaseous silane, SiH 4, is burned in oxygen. SiH 4 + O 2  SiO 2 + H 2 O

9. Ethanol is completely burned in air. C 2 H 5 OH + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

10. Solid copper(II) sulfide is heated strongly in oxygen gas. CuS + O 2  CuO + SO 2

11. Ethanol is burned in oxygen. C 2 H 5 OH + O 2  CO 2 + H 2 O

12. Carbon disulfide vapor is burned in excess oxygen. CS 2 + O 2 --> CO 2 + SO 2

Anhydrides 1. Excess water is added to solid calcium hydride. H 2 O + CaH 2  Ca 2+ + OH - or (Ca(OH) 2 ) + H 2

2. Solid lithium hydride is added to water. LiH + H 2 O  Li + + OH - + H 2

3. Liquid phosphorus trichloride is poured into a large excess of water. PCl 3 + H 2 O  H 3 PO 3 + H + + Cl -

4. Solid sodium carbide is added to an excess of water. Na 4 C + H 2 O  C 2 H 2 + Na + + OH -

5. Solid magnesium nitride is added to excess deuterium oxide. Mg 3 N 2 + D 2 O  Mg(OD) 2 + ND 3

6. Water is added to a sample of pure phosphorus tribromide. H 2 O + PBr 3  H 3 PO 3 + H + + Br -

7. Water is added to a sample of pure sodium hydride. H 2 O + NaH  Na + + OH - + H 2

8. Dinitrogen trioxide gas is bubbled into water. N 2 O 3 + H 2 O  HNO 2

9. Solid phosphorus pentachloride is added to excess water. PCl 5 + H 2 O  H 3 PO 4 + H + + Cl -

10. Solid dinitrogen pentoxide is added to water. N 2 O 5 + H 2 O  H + + NO 3 -

11. Sulfur trioxide gas is added to excess water. SO 3 + H 2 O  H + + SO 4 2-

12. Solid sodium oxide is added to water. Na 2 O + H 2 O  Na + + OH -

13. Phosphorus(V) oxytrichloride is added to water. POCl 3 + H 2 O  H 3 PO 4 + H + + Cl -

14. Water is added to a sample of solid magnesium nitride. H 2 O + Mg 3 N 2  Mg(OH) 2 + NH 3

15. Solid potassium oxide is added to water. K 2 O + H 2 O  K + + OH -

16. Solid sodium cyanide is added to water. NaCN + H 2 O  HCN + Na + + OH -

17. Trisodium phosphate crystals are added to water. Na 3 PO 4 + H 2 O  Na + + OH - + HPO 4 2- ( or H 2 PO 4 - )

18. Solid lithium oxide is added to excess water. Li 2 O + H 2 O  Li + + OH -

19. Solid barium oxide is added to distilled water. BaO + H 2 O  Ba 2+ + OH -

20Solid calcium hydride is added to distilled water. CaH 2 + H 2 O  Ca 2+ + OH - or (Ca(OH) 2 ) + H 2 20. Solid calcium hydride is added to distilled water. CaH 2 + H 2 O  Ca 2+ + OH - or (Ca(OH) 2 ) + H 2

21. Phosphorous(V) oxide powder is sprinkled over distilled water. P 2 O 5 + H 2 O --> H 3 PO 4

Redox 1. Iron(III) ions are reduced by iodide ions. Fe 3+ + I -  Fe 2+ + I 2 Redox 1. Iron(III) ions are reduced by iodide ions. Fe 3+ + I -  Fe 2+ + I 2

2. Potassium permanganate solution is added to concentrated hydrochloric acid. MnO 4 - + H + + Cl -  Mn 2+ + Cl 2 + H 2 O

3. Magnesium metal is added to dilute nitric acid, giving as one of the products a compound in which the oxidation number for nitrogen is -3. Mg + H + + NO 3 -  NH 4 + + Mg 2+ + H 2 O

4. A solution of potassium iodide is electrolyzed. I - + H 2 O  I 2 + H 2 + OH -

5. Potassium dichromate solution is added to an acidified solution of sodium sulfite. Cr 2 O 7 2- + SO 3 2- + H +  Cr 3+ + SO 4 2- + H 2 O

6. Solutions of potassium iodide, potassium iodate, and dilute sulfuric acid are mixed. I - + IO 3 - + H +  H 2 O + I 2

7. A solution of tin(II) sulfate is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Sn 2+ + Fe 3+  Sn 4+ + Fe 2+

8. Metallic copper is heated with concentrated sulfuric acid. Cu + H 2 SO 4  Cu 2+ + SO 2 + H 2 O

9. Manganese(IV) oxide is added to warm, concentrated hydrobromic acid. MnO 2 + H + + Br -  Mn 2+ + Br 2 + H 2 O

10. Chlorine gas is bubbled into cold dilute sodium hydroxide. Cl 2 + OH -  ClO - + Cl - + H 2 O

11. Solid iron(III) oxide is heated in excess carbon monoxide. Fe 2 O 3 + CO  Fe + CO 2

12. Hydrogen peroxide solution is added to acidified potassium iodide solution. H 2 O 2 + H + + I -  H 2 O + I 2

13. Hydrogen peroxide is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. H 2 O 2 + H + + Cr 2 O 7 2-  H 2 O + Cr 3+ + O 2

14. Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through an acidified solution of potassium permanganate. SO 2 + H + + MnO 4 -  Mn 2+ + H 2 O + SO 4 2-

15. A solution containing tin(II) ions is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. Sn 2+ + H + + Cr 2 O 7 2-  Cr 3+ + Sn 4+ + H 2 O

16. Solid silver sulfide is warmed with dilute nitric acid. Ag 2 S + H + + NO 3 -  Ag + + S + NO 2 + H 2 O

17. A dilute solution of sulfuric acid is electrolyzed between platinum electrodes. H 2 O  H 2 + O 2

18. Pellets of lead are dropped into hot sulfuric acid. Pb + H + + SO 4 2-  H 2 O + SO 2 + Pb 2+ (or PbSO 4 )

19. Potassium permanganate solution is added to a solution of oxalic acid, H 2 C 2 O 4, acidified with a few drops of sulfuric acid. MnO 4 - + H 2 C 2 O 4 + H +  Mn 2+ + CO 2 + H 2 O

20. Powdered iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Fe + Fe 3+  Fe 2+

21. A concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid is added to powdered manganese dioxide and gently heated. H + + Cl - + MnO 2  Cl 2 + Mn 2+ + H 2 O

22. A strip of copper metal is added to a concentrated solution of sulfuric acid. Cu + H + + SO 4 2-  Cu 2+ + SO 2 + H 2 O

23. Copper(II) sulfide is oxidized by dilute nitric acid. CuS + H + + NO 3 -  Cu 2+ + NO + H 2 O + S

24. A solution of copper(II) sulfate is electrolyzed using inert electrodes. Cu 2+ + H 2 O  O 2 + H + + Cu

25. A solution of potassium iodide is added to an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. I - + H + + Cr 2 O 7 2-  I 2 + Cr 3+ + H 2 O

26. Hydrogen peroxide solution is added to a solution of iron(II) sulfate. H 2 O 2 + Fe 2+  Fe 3+ + H 2 O

27. Solid silver is added to a dilute nitric acid (6M) solution. Ag + H + +NO 3 -  Ag + + NO + H 2 O 27. Solid silver is added to a dilute nitric acid (6M) solution. Ag + H + +NO 3 -  Ag + + NO + H 2 O

28. A solution of formic acid, HCOOH, is oxidized by an acidified solution of potassium dichromate. HCOOH + H + + Cr 2 O 7 2-  H 2 O + Cr 3+ + CO 2

29. A piece of iron is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Fe + Fe 3+  Fe 2+

30. An acidified solution of potassium permanganate is added to a solution of sodium sulfite. H + + MnO 4 - + SO 3 2-  Mn 2+ + SO 4 2- + H 2 O

31. A solution of tin(II) chloride is added to a solution of iron(III) sulfate. Sn 2+ + Fe 3+  Sn 4+ + Fe 2+

32. Concentrated hydrochloric acid solution is added to solid manganese(IV) oxide and the reactants are heated. H + + Cl - + MnO 2  Mn 2+ + Cl 2 + H 2 O

34. Potassium permanganate solution is added to an acidic solution of hydrogen peroxide. MnO 4 - + H + + H 2 O 2  Mn 2+ + O 2 + H 2 O

35. Solid copper is added to a dilute nitric acid solution. Cu + H + + NO 3 -  Cu 2+ + NO + H 2 O

36. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold solution of dilute sodium hydroxide. Cl 2 + OH -  ClO - + Cl - + H 2 O

37. A solution of potassium permanganate is mixed with an alkaline solution of sodium sulfite. MnO 4 - + OH - + SO 3 2-  SO 4 2- + H 2 O + MnO 4 2- (or MnO 2 )

38. Solid sodium dichromate is added to an acidified solution of sodium iodide. Na 2 Cr 2 O 7 + H + + I -  Cr 3+ + I 2 + H 2 O + Na +

39. Hydrogen gas is passed over hot iron(III) oxide. H 2 + Fe 2 O 3  Fe + H 2 O

40. Solutions of potassium iodide and potassium iodate are mixed in acid solution. I - + IO 3 - + H +  I 2 + H 2 O

41. Hydrogen peroxide is added to an acidified solution of sodium bromide. H 2 O 2 + H + + Br -  Br 2 + H 2 O

42Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold, dilute solution of potassium hydroxide. Cl 2 + OH -  Cl - + ClO - + H 2 O 42. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a cold, dilute solution of potassium hydroxide. Cl 2 + OH -  Cl - + ClO - + H 2 O

43A solution of iron(II) nitrate is exposed to air for an extended period of time. Fe 2+ + O 2  Fe 2 O 3 43. A solution of iron(II) nitrate is exposed to air for an extended period of time. Fe 2+ + O 2  Fe 2 O 3

Cl 2 + OH -  Cl - + ClO - + H 2 O 44. A stream of chlorine gas is passed through a solution of cold, dilute sodium hydroxide. Cl 2 + OH -  Cl - + ClO - + H 2 O

45. A solution of tin(II) chloride is added to an acidified solution of potassium permanganate. Sn 2+ + H + + MnO 4 - --> Mn 2+ + Sn 4+ + H 2 O

46. A concentrated solution of hydrochloric acid is added to solid potassium permanganate. H + + Cl - + MnO 4 - --> Cl 2 + Mn 2+ + H 2 O

47. A solution of potassium dichromate is added to an acidified solution of iron(II) chloride. Cr 2 O 7 2- + H + + Fe 2+ --> Cr 3+ + Fe 3+ + H 2 O

Acid-Base Neutralizations 1. Solutions of ammonia and hydrofluoric acid are mixed. NH 3 + H 2 O --> NH 4 + + OH - OH - + HF--> H 2 O + F - NH 3 + HF  NH 4 + + F - Acid-Base Neutralizations 1. Solutions of ammonia and hydrofluoric acid are mixed. NH 3 + H 2 O --> NH 4 + + OH - OH - + HF--> H 2 O + F - NH 3 + HF  NH 4 + + F -

2. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through a solution of potassium hydroxide. H 2 S + OH -  H 2 O + S 2-

3. A solution of sulfuric acid is added to a solution of barium hydroxide until the same number of moles of each compound has been added. 2H + + SO 4 2- + Ba 2+ + 2OH -  2H 2 O + BaSO 4

4. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of sodium dihydrogen phosphate until the same number of moles of each compound has been added. OH - + H 2 PO 4 -  HPO 4 2- + H 2 O

5. Dilute nitric acid is added to crystals of pure calcium oxide. CaO + H 2 O --> Ca 2+ + 2OH - 2H + + 2OH - --> 2H 2 O H + + CaO  H 2 O + Ca 2+

6. Equal volumes of 0.1-molar sulfuric acid and 0.1-molar potassium hydroxide are mixed. 2H + + SO 4 2- + K + + OH - --> H 2 O + H + + K + + SO 4 2- H + +OH -  H 2 O

7. A solution of ammonia is added to a dilute solution of acetic acid. NH 3 + H 2 O --> NH 4 + + OH - OH - + HC 2 H 3 O 2 --> H 2 O + C 2 H 3 O 2 - NH 3 + HC 2 H 3 O 2  NH 4 + + C 2 H 3 O 2 -

8. Excess sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled through a dilute solution of potassium hydroxide. SO 2 + H 2 O --> H 2 SO 3 H 2 SO 3 + 2OH - --> 2H 2 O + SO 3 2- SO 2 + OH -  H 2 O + SO 3 2-

9. Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled into an excess of a saturated solution of calcium hydroxide. SO 2 + H 2 O --> H 2 SO 3 H 2 SO 3 + Ca 2+ + 2OH - --> CaSO 3 + 2H 2 O SO 2 + Ca 2+ + OH -  CaSO 3 + H 2 O

10. A solution of sodium hydroxide is added to a solution of calcium hydrogen carbonate until the number of moles of sodium hydroxide added is twice the number of moles of the calcium salt. 2OH - +Ca 2+ + 2HCO 3 -  2H 2 O + CaCO 3

11. Equal volumes of 0.1M hydrochloric acid and 0.1M sodium monohydrogen phosphate are mixed. H + + 2HPO 4 2-  H 2 PO 4 -

12. Hydrogen sulfide gas is bubbled through excess potassium hydroxide solution. H 2 S + OH -  H 2 O + S 2-

13. Ammonia gas and carbon dioxide gas are bubbled into water. NH 3 + CO 2 + 2H 2 O --> NH 4 + + 2OH - + H 2 CO 3 2OH - + H 2 CO 3 --> H 2 O + CO 3 2- NH 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O  NH 4 + + CO 3 2-

14. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of sodium hydroxide. CO 2 + H 2 O --> H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3 + 2OH - --> CO 3 2- + 2H 2 O CO 2 + OH -  CO 3 2- + H 2 O

15. Acetic acid solution is added to a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate. HC 2 H 3 O 2 + HCO 3 -  H 2 O + CO 2 + C 2 H 3 O 2 -

16. Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. OH - + H 2 PO 4 -  H 2 O + PO 4 3-

CO 2 + H 2 O --> H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3 + 2OH - --> CO 3 2- + 2H 2 O CO 2 + OH -  CO 3 2- + H 2 O 17. Carbon dioxide gas is bubbled through a concentrated solution of potassium hydroxide. CO 2 + H 2 O --> H 2 CO 3 H 2 CO 3 + 2OH - --> CO 3 2- + 2H 2 O CO 2 + OH -  CO 3 2- + H 2 O

Complex Ions 1. Concentrated (15M) ammonia solution is added in excess to a solution of copper(II) nitrate. NH 3 + Cu 2+  [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+

2. An excess of nitric acid solution is added to a solution of tetraaminecopper(II) sulfate. H + + [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+  NH 4 + + Cu 2+

3. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of diamminesilver(I) nitrate. H + + Cl - + [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] +  AgCl + NH 4 +

4. Solid aluminum nitrate is dissolved in water. Al(NO 3 ) 3 + H 2 O  [Al(H 2 O) 6 ] +3 + NO 3 -

5. A suspension of copper(II) hydroxide is treated with an excess of ammonia water. Cu(OH) 2 + NH 3  [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ + OH -

6. A solution of diamminesilver(I) chloride is treated with dilute nitric acid. [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + + Cl - + H +  NH 4 + + AgCl

7. An excess of concentrated ammonia solution is added to freshly precipitated copper(II) hydroxide. NH 3 + Cu(OH) 2  [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ + OH -

8. Excess dilute nitric acid is added to a solution containing the tetraaminecadmium(II) ion. H + + [Cd(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+  NH 4 + + Cd 2+

9. An excess of ammonia is bubbled through a solution saturated with silver chloride. NH 3 + Ag +  [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] +

10. Solid aluminum oxide is added to a solution of sodium hydroxide. Al 2 O 3 + OH -  [Al(OH) 4 ] - (may have water as a reactant)

11. A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of zinc iodide. NH 3 + Zn 2+  [Zn(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+

12. An excess of sodium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of aluminum chloride. OH - + Al 3+  [Al(OH) 4 ] -

13. A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a solution of copper(II) chloride. NH 3 + Cu 2+  [Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+

14. Excess concentrated sodium hydroxide solution is added to solid aluminum hydroxide. OH - + Al(OH) 3  [Al(OH) 4 ] -

15. Excess concentrated ammonia solution is added to a suspension of silver chloride. NH 3 + AgCl  [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + + Cl -

16. Pellets of aluminum metal are added to a solution containing an excess of sodium hydroxide. Al + OH -  [Al(OH) 4 ] -

17. A suspension of zinc hydroxide is treated with concentrated sodium hydroxide solution. Zn(OH) 2 + OH -  [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2-

18. Silver chloride is dissolved in excess ammonia solution. AgCl + NH 3  [Ag(NH 3 ) 2 ] + + Cl -

19. Sodium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of aluminum hydroxide in water. OH - + Al(OH) 3  [Al(OH) 4 ] -

20. A drop of potassium thiocyanate is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride. SCN - + Fe 3+  FeSCN 2+

21. A concentrated solution of ammonia is added to a suspension of zinc hydroxide. NH 3 + Zn(OH) 2  [Zn(NH 3 ) 4 ] 2+ + OH -

22. Excess concentrated potassium hydroxide solution is added to a precipitate of zinc hydroxide. Zn(OH) 2 + OH -  [Zn(OH) 4 ] 2-

23. A solution of ammonium thiocyanate is added to a solution of iron(III) chloride. SCN - + Fe 3+ --> FeSCN 2+

24. Excess sodium cyanide is added to a solution of silver nitrate. CN - + Ag + --> Ag(CN) 2 -

Decomposition 1. A solution of hydrogen peroxide is heated. H 2 O 2  O 2 + H 2 O

2. Solid magnesium carbonate is heated. MgCO 3  MgO + CO 2

3. A solution of hydrogen peroxide is catalytically decomposed. H 2 O 2  H 2 O + O 2

4. Solid potassium chlorate is heated in the presence of manganese dioxide as a catalyst. KClO 3 --> KCl + O 2

5. Sodium hydrogen carbonate is dissolved in water. NaHCO 3  Na + + HCO 3 -

6. Solid ammonium carbonate is heated. (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3  CO 2 + NH 3 + H 2 O 6. Solid ammonium carbonate is heated. (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3  CO 2 + NH 3 + H 2 O

Addition 1. The gases boron trifluoride and ammonia are mixed. BF 3 + NH 3  F 3 BNH 3

2. A mixture of solid calcium oxide and solid tetraphosphorus decaoxide is heated. CaO + P 4 O 10  Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2

3. Solid calcium oxide is exposed to a stream of carbon dioxide gas. CaO + CO 2  CaCO 3

4. Solid calcium oxide is heated in the presence of sulfur trioxide gas. CaO + SO 3  CaSO 4

5. Calcium metal is heated strongly in nitrogen gas. Ca + N 2  Ca 3 N 2

6. Excess chlorine gas is passed over hot iron filings. Cl 2 + Fe  FeCl 3

7. Powdered magnesium oxide is added to a container of carbon dioxide gas. MgO + CO 2  MgCO 3

8. A piece of lithium metal is dropped into a container of nitrogen gas. Li + N 2  Li 3 N

9. Magnesium metal is burned in nitrogen gas. Mg + N 2  Mg 3 N 2

10. Sulfur dioxide gas is passed over solid calcium oxide. SO 2 + CaO  CaSO 3

11. Samples of boron trichloride gas and ammonia gas are mixed. BCl 3 + NH 3 --> H 3 NBCl 3

Double Replacement 1. Hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of silver nitrate. H 2 S(g) + AgNO 3 (aq) --> HNO 3 (aq) + Ag 2 S(s) H 2 S + Ag +

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Double Replacement 1. Hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of silver nitrate. H 2 S(g) + AgNO 3 (aq) --> HNO 3 (aq) + Ag 2 S(s) H 2 S + Ag +

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Presentation on theme: "Double Replacement 1. Hydrogen sulfide is bubbled through a solution of silver nitrate. H 2 S(g) + AgNO 3 (aq) --> HNO 3 (aq) + Ag 2 S(s) H 2 S + Ag +"— Presentation transcript:

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