1. English Writing Part 4: Introduction & Conclusion John E. Clayton Nanjing University, Spring, 2005

2. Please Turn In Your Homework Turn-in your introduction to an essay “I Can’t Change Someone Else…or Can I?”

3. Syllabus 03/02 Introduction; Overview; Writing a good paragraph 03/09 Information Form; Essays – structure, thesis 03/16 Thesis Focus; Movie: Johnny LingoJournal 1 03/23 Essay Introduction and Conclusion 03/30 Movie: DaveJournal 2 04/06 Review for mid-term exam; Overcoming Fear 04/13 Mid-term examJournal 1 04/20 Resume 04/27 ResumeJournal 2 05/04 Holiday 05/11 Business LettersJournal 1 05/18 Statement of Purpose 05/25 Statement of PurposeJournal 2 06/01 Review for final exam 06/08 Final exam

4. 5 Paragraph Essay Structure Body Paragraphs Conclusion Say the thesis in a different way “Grab” the reader, so he/she will not forget. Might include a prediction, a recommendation or a solution Introduction Motivate and interest the reader State your position - thesis Tell a little more about what to expect

5. Ways to Start the Introduction a quotation a question acknowledge opposite opinion an interesting fact a definition or explanation

6. A Quotation Abraham Lincoln, in his famous Gettysburg address, suggested that “the world will little note nor long remember the things we do here today”. He was wrong, of course, as the world not only remembers, but honors what took place that day.

7. A Question No one has ever died from eating canteen food, so why is the question constantly on the students lips “why must we suffer the awful creations of the student canteen?”

8. Acknowledge Opposite Opinion Do students get hurt playing sports at university? Of course, it has happened, and it will happen in the future. But the benefits derived from sports far outweigh the potential dangers.

9. An Interesting Fact Western students are sometimes criticized by their Asian counterparts for marrying while still in university. But studies show that the stability of marriage generally allows the married student to focus far more easily on his studies than the undisciplined, party-loving, PC game playing single student.

10. A Definition or Explanation “Love” is a word often used in the world today, but it means many things. To me, “love” means caring more about someone else than you do for yourself. True love is not a physical thing, but a beautiful state of mind.

11. A Poor Introduction Can Block Your Essay

12. The Essay Conclusion Make one last effort to convince the reader Suggest larger implications now that the evidence has been presented Provide a satisfying sense of closure

13. The Essay Conclusion Make a useful quotation, analogy or comparison. Suggest specific actions the reader should take. Speculate about what your thesis implies for the future. Make a brief remark that sums up your feelings and main points.

14. A Useful Quotation This paper has proposed and supported the idea that cooperation, rather than competition, will allow us to be true winners in the game of life. So, in the future, when life is hard, and you are thinking of giving up, remember Vince Lombardi, who once said, “winning isn’t everything – it’s the only thing”.

15. Suggest Specific Action As we have seen in this essay, increased memory capability is possible for the majority of the population. Because it is such an important skill, I suggest that we all enroll in the memory enhancement program today.

16. Speculate on Future Implications So, if families continue to be restricted to one child, the need for sewing skills will begin to diminish. After all, there will be no younger brother or sister to hand used clothing down to.

17. Brief Summary of Feelings The conclusion then, is clear. I have shown that teen-age smoking is a disaster for the community, as it leads to chronic health problems, huge medical expenses, and, ultimately, to an early death.

18. Things To Avoid The empty cliche "So ends the analysis of myself and the question of who am I has been answered in a brief form." The unnecessary announcement "And in conclusion, let me say...." The trite truism "And as for the future, only time will tell."

19. Things To Avoid The waste basket ending Do not try in the final paragraph to say everything you didn't have room for in the body of the paper. The wild surmise "From this we see the utter futility of ever trying to help another person." The mirror image (the most common problem) The writer merely repeats the thesis and summarizes the main points--a dull and mechanical conclusion.

20. Homework Assignment Complete the essay “I Can’t Change Someone Else…or Can I?” by improving the introduction, adding three support paragraphs, and a conclusion