1. Chapter 4 Pioneers of Modern Teaching

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 2 Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers Comenius: Published first picture book for learning; based instruction on children’s developmental stages Rousseau: Forerunner of child-centered progressivism; argued in Emile that children are “noble savages” until corrupted by society.

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 3 Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (cont.) Pestalozzi: Schooling based on emotional security and object learning; encouraged Rousseau’s “natural education” for children in groups. Herbart: Teacher preparation based on prescribed methodology; history and literature enter the curriculum to provide a moral core.

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 4 Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (cont.) Froebel: Created Kindergarten Spencer: Utilitarian education, instruction organized around basic activities and practical outcomes Dewey: Progressive education, emphasizing problem solving Addams: Socialized education, with emphasis on responding to student diversity

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.4 | 5 Key Accomplishments of Educational Pioneers (cont.) Montessori: Structuring the environment to accommodate children’s natural desire to work at learning Piaget: Instruction based on stages of cognitive development Freire: Instruction that stimulates awareness of real conditions of life; influenced critical theory and liberation pedagogy