1. Ch. 12 Introduction Rinks

2. (pages 386–389) A. Union troops had devastated most Southern cities and the South’s economy B. President/Congress had to deal with Reconstruction- >rebuilding the South after the Civil War  had to decide under what terms and conditions the former Confederate states would rejoin the Union

3.  C. The nature of the Union is firmly decided– United first, States second.  1. Federal system solidly entrenched.  2. Dominance of the federal gov’t over states is assured.  3. Further centralization of gov’t

4.  D. Slavery is abolished  1. 13 th Amendment barely passes.  2. Question now is how blacks will contribute to society as freedmen.  3. Great debate between radical Republicans and moderate republicans on how to deal with blacks.

5.  E. Industrial dominance is guaranteed (nationwide)  1. Tremendous expansion of Northern industry during the war.  2. Industrialism in the North helps Southern agriculture, and even spreads South.  3. Industrial leaders gain significant political clout during Civil War.

6.  F. Political (Republican) dominance by the North is guaranteed.  1. Between 1860 and 1932 only two Democratic presidents elected.. ▪ A. Gained a reputation as ‘savior of the Union’, enough to dominate elections.

7.  G. Economic development in the South is placed in the hands of the North.  1. Necessary capital needed for Reconstruction could only come from the North.  2. North could decide how the South would contribute economically. ▪ A. More industry in South, but they would process raw materials, while the North created developed goods. ▪ Different or same as before?

8.  H. Westward expansion is encouraged  1. Homestead Act of 1862 – Provide 160 acres free for families who agree to improve land within 5 years. ▪ A. Had to pay $5, erect a 12 X 14 dwelling. ▪ B. Problem: 160 acres not enough for that type of farming. ▪ C. Difficult life of the plains: Lack of water, shelter, locust plagues.

9.  2. Morill Act- 30,000 acres per congressman.  State universities develop- NC State, Ohio State, etc…  3. Transcontinental Railroad began, completed in 1869.

10.  I. Presidential power is increased.  Lincoln arguably abuses his powers during a time of national crisis. ▪ Emancipation Proc. ▪ Suspension of habeas corpus ▪ Militia Act

11.  J. Bitterness and distrust between North and South.  Friends, relatives, die at the hands of fellow countrymen.  Financial crisis for those who relied on slavery, will blame Northern Republicans for their newfound poverty.

12.  Make a chart in your notes like this one, explaining how you would solves these reconstruction crises… IssueSolution Emancipation of 4 million slaves Destruction of Southern buildings, farms, railways, etc. Malice between North and South Uneven political power between North and South ?