1. Industrial Revolution

2. Before the Industrial Revolution In the early 18 th Century most people lived an Agrarian life. The products that they used were made by hand. They grew their own food. Communities tended to be small villages consisting mostly of cottages.

3. The Agricultural Revolution The Agricultural Revolution paves the way for the Industrial Revolution. The British used some new Dutch methods and developed them further. New ideas about fertilizer. New methods of crop rotation, including plants that restore soil. Jethro Tull developed the Seed Drill.

4. Changes in the Countryside New techniques in farming lead to new ideas in land management. Enclosure is a legal process of taking common lands and consolidating them under the control of rich landowners. Profits soar but many villagers are pushed off of the lands they previously worked and move to the cities.

5. More Food, More People The span of the 18 th Century saw dramatic population growth across Europe. Crops were yielding more food, food surpluses meant there was protection against famine Also better medical care and better hygiene lead to fewer premature deaths.

6. Technology Improves New technologies develop but to work well a new energy source is needed. Water and horses had been used in the past to turn large wheels and gear systems. Steam engines are developed and James Watt develops the first widely used steam engine. Steam power will drive the Industrial Revolution forward.

7. Technology Improves Steam power and other advances would have been impossible without stronger building materials and tools. To meet this need new ways of smelting Iron discovered. Coal is used in the smelting process and it makes the iron stronger and cheaper to make

8. Industry Revolutionized All of these changes that culminate in the Industrial Revolutions do not happen quickly and seamlessly. The Industrial Revolution is a slow and uncertain process. As technology develops other technologies are needed in response. (Spinner and Weaver)

9. Industry of Britain Britain is the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution but why? The largest factor is natural resource allocation. Britain has many shallow coal seams. The coal is also close to water sources making it easier to transport.

10. Industry of Britain In addition to natural resources Britain had other advantages. During the 18 th and 19 th centuries Britain has a very stable government that promoted economic growth. They also have a very large Navy that helps protect their economic interests abroad.

11. Impacts of Industry Brought about improved transportation for goods and people. Machines helped make products faster and uniform. Factories offer employment to the growing populations The Middle Class emerges

12. Social Impacts

13. Large scale urbanization occurs. (rural-to-urban shift) Tenements are used to meet housing demands Very crowded, low quality apartments