1. Technology Trends to Address Ever-changing Library Challenges Marshall Breeding Independent Consultant, Author, and Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides http://librarytechnology.org/ http://twitter.com/mbreeding 1 October 2015 Greendata 20 th Anniversary Conference

2. Description Marshall Breeding will present his view of some of the trends in the realm of libraries and the strategic technology systems and services available and emerging to assist them in these times of rapid change and new challenges. Trends mentioned will include cloud computing, linked data, social networks, and access through mobile devices, and changes in scholarly publishing. Technology products and services are available or are emerging to address these trends.

3. Library Technology Guides www.librarytechnology.org

4. Alma – Implementations by Type

5. Alma – Implementations by Size

6. Alma Libraries Worldwide

7. Library Systems Report 2015 “Operationalizing innovation” http://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/2015/05/01/library-systems-report/

8. Informe sobre sistemas bibliotecarios: Hacer operativa la innovación El profesional de la información, v. 24, n. 4, pp. 485-496. Translated by Tomàs Baiget

9. Perceptions 2014  http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/ http://librarytechnology.org/perceptions/2014/  Annual survey for Libraries  Satisfaction levels for  Company  Current ILS  Service  Loyalty  Migration Plans  3,141 Responses  80 Countries

10. Perceptions Survey 2014  Sample: Large Academic Libraries

11. Satisfaction levels: Large Academic

12. Key Trends  A Consolidated Industry  Cloud computing  Linked data  Social networks, and  Access through mobile devices, and  Changes in scholarly publishing

13. Industry and Business Trends

14. Mergers and Acquisitions http://librarytechnology.org/mergers

15. Cloud computing  Modern approach to application development  True Software-as-a-Service  Designed to be deployed as a service  Not hosted server-bound applications  Multi-tenant architecture

16. Services-oriented Architecture  Applications composed from services  Small units of functionality  Low-level common functions often provided through a commercial or open source middleware layer  Application-level APIs used internally  Selectively exposed to users/customers

17. Linked data  Supports the concept of Semantic Web  Describe entities via URI’s and relationships  RDF triple stores  Increasingly part of the expected web infrastructure  Example: schema.org used by Google, Bing, and other search engines  New phase of SEO and resource discoverability

18. Social networks  Flavor of the Web increasingly tied to enabling individuals to connect with peers and share content  One-way web sites perceived as less interesting and closed  Inviting comments can be difficult to control

19. Access through mobile devices  Access by mobile devices often exceeds that by large screens  Support for mobile now dominates web design  Infinite scroll versus paging and menus of links  Responsive design now essential  Mobile support tied to search engine performance  Google penalizes sites that do not meet mobile accessibility standards

20. Changes in scholarly publishing  Transition largely complete in transition from print to electronic in scholarly journals  Some disciplines and international regions continue to publish in print  Scholarly monographs on somewhat slower trajectory in shift to electronic  Print continues to dominate newly published literature and popular fiction  Studies show preference of print over electronic in many demographics  Increased movement toward open access publishing models

21. Trends in Library Technology Landscape

22. Complex Library Collections  Print  Large legacy collections  Often managed in remote storage facilities  Minimal new acquisitions of print monographs  Electronic Subscriptions  Consumes majority of collection budgets  Annual increases produce pressure on library budgets  Continually evaluate individual and bulk subscriptions  Digital or digitized content  Need to provide increased access to unique and valuable materials  Concern for long-term preservation

23. From ILS to Library Services Platform  Move from fragmented set of management tools to more consolidated platforms  No single monolithic application available or desirable  Integrated library system design bound to print workflows and MARC metadata  Current need to support workflows to manage multiple types of resource types, acquisition models, and access

24. Library Services Platform  Library-specific software. Technical infrastructure to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver services  Services  Services-oriented architecture  Exposes Web services and other API’s  Facilitates the services libraries offer to their users  Platform  General infrastructure for library automation  Consistent with the concept of Platform as a Service  Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

25. Library Services Platforms – Functional  Manages electronic and print formats of materials  Replaces multiple incumbent products  Extensive Metadata Management  Multiple procurement workflows  Knowledgebases  Built-in collection analytics  Decision support for collection development

26. Knowledge bases  Electronic Resource Management based on collective database of the body of e-content rather than library- by-library management  LSP extends knowledge base model to all resources  Make links or associations from local holdings to common bibliographic records  WorldShare Management Services – based on WorldCat Bibliographic records  Ex Libris Alma – includes Community Zone of shared records and resources  Intota: expanded knowledge base that includes MARC and other resources

27. Actionable analytics  Previous generation of ILS offered reports  Libraries now expect sophisticated analytics  Make data-driven collection decisions  Anticipate interest and use levels  Cost per use

28. Support for BIBFRAME  New bibliographic framework based on mapping MARC concepts and data into linked data model  No direct support for BIBFRAME in either integrated library systems or library services platforms  Developers are involved in BIBFRAME initiative  Operational implementations will come once the model has stabilized  Current phase of experimental projects and prototypes  Applies differently to discovery versus resource management

29. Library Services Platform Installations Production installations as of December 2014 ProductInstallations 2014 Sales Alma40643 WorldShare Management Services30379 Kuali OLE 3 10 Intota021

30. Resource Management Models Category Integrated Library System Progressive integrated library System Library Services Platform Resources managedPhysicalPrint, electronicElectronic, Physical Technology platformServer-based Multi-tenant SaaS KnowledgebasesNone e-holdings, bibliographic Patron interfacesBrowser-based Staff interfaces Graphical Desktop (Java Swing, Windows, Mac OS) Browser-based Procurement modelsPurchasePurchase, licenselicense Hosting optionLocal install, ASP Saas Only Interoperability Batch transfer, proprietary API Batch transfer, RESTful APIs, APIs (mostly RESTful) Products SirsiDynix Symphony, Millennium, Polaris Sierra, SirsiDynix Symphony/BLUEcloud, Polaris, Apollo WorldShare Management Services, Alma, ProQuest Intota, Sierra, Kuali OLE Development strategyBrownfield Greenfield (mixed)

31. Development Timeline for Library Services Platforms

32. Consolidated index Unified Presentation Layer Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Services Platform Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems Discovery Service

33. Emergence and Evolution of Index- based discovery  Important for search environment to operate consistently with collection priorities  Article-level search essential component of library Web site  Federated Search suitable only in limited circumstances  Index-based search stands as the current method for comprehensive library discovery

34. Central index  Created and maintained by discovery service provider  Negotiates access to metadata or full-text form content providers  Deployed via a massive scalable platform able to support billions of resources  In most cases access to resources accomplished by linking to object on publisher’s platform

35. Local Indexes  Local collections must also be represented in search results  Index based on content harvested from local resource management system, or  Local holdings set for records in global bibliographic service  Presentation or fulfillment provided via local resource management service

36. Web-scale Index-based Discovery Search: Digital Collections Web Site Content Institutional Repositories … E-Journals Reference Sources Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Aggregated Content packages (2009- present) Usage- generated Data Customer Profile

37. Discovery Beyond Library-provided Interfaces  Reality that most discovery happens external to library  Improve discoverability of library resources  Locally: through incorporation of SEO and semantic encoding Especially schema.org  Globally: OCLC, Google Scholar and other services

38. Discovery beyond Library Interfaces  Improved performance of library content through Google Scholar  Same expectations for transparency?  Better exposure of library-oriented content  Schema.org or other microdata formats  Better exposure of scholarly resources  Open access & Proprietary  Embedded tools in other campus interfaces

39. Developing Ecosystems of APIs  Strategically and operationally essential for platforms to be extensible and interoperable  APIs provide technical mechanism  Accessibly by library or campus programmers

40. APIs as Competitively differentiating factor  Functional scope  Documentation and training  License Model  Community or Development Environment

41. Library Technologies Penetrating into the Campus Enterprise  Dynamic interchange of data with campus business systems  Patron records from Student information systems  Financial data to ERP or Finance systems  Single sign-on via campus authentication services  Integration with Learning Management Systems  Resource pages at the course level  Appropriately scoped search tools  Reading list management

42. Defense of Patron Privacy  Library ethics require protection of patron privacy  Avoid exposing reading, browsing, and search behavior of patrons  Increased expectation to encrypt all patron activity  Avoid exposure to advertising networks

43. Library Technologists  Shifting from Infrastructure to services  Less time devoted to general technical infrastructure: network and server hardware, operating systems, security frameworks, application installation and maintenance  More time devoted to developing new services based on APIs exposed by library and campus platforms

44. Large-scale collaboration  Previous phase of automation based more on individual libraries operating independently  Current phase includes many more projects where large groups of libraries enter into strategic collaborative partnerships supported by shared technical infrastructure  Increase collection impact, deliver broader services to patrons, make more effective use of personnel, decrease costs  Many projects complete, underway, or in procurement phase

45. Shared infrastructure Projects  Orbis Cascade  WHELF  South Australia  Ireland Public Libraries  JULAC  California State University  University System of Georgia  Complete Florida Plus Program  University of Wisconsin system

46. Orbis Cascade Alliance Campus Libraries37 Aggregated Enrollment258,000 Total Titles9 million Total Items28 million

47. WHELF Wales Higher Education Libraries Forum Institution Prior ILSBib Records Aberystwyth UniversityVoyager677,846 Bangor & Glyndwr UniversitySierra 591,673 Cardiff University & Welsh National Health ServiceVoyager856,381 Cardiff Metropolitan UniversityAlto269,965 National Library of WalesVirtua6,643,696 Royal Welsh College of Music and DramaVoyager 53,544 Swansea UniversityVoyager 738,399 University of South WalesSymphony365,602 University of Wales Trinity St. DavidHorizon637,326 Total 10,834,432

48. California State University Institution TitlesVolumes CirculationStaff FTE Bakersfield 473,134637,60615,71425 Channel Islands 100,433255,594 24 Chico 850,0001,265,90732,18259 Dominguez Hills 628,193637,0648,45638 East Bay 944,4151,139,05733,49143 Fresno 1,928,6241,345,398208,49178 Fullerton 1,153,7141,256,86761,48674 Humboldt 692,017807,10130,30031 Long Beach 1,198,7883,073,252147,46168 Los Angeles 926,498983,22935,66548 Maritime Academy 42,854154,8205,4398 Monterey Bay 277,228333,98227,76816 Northridge 1,575,6952,170,589130,322138 Pomona 776,2511,058,23643,51448 Sacramento 1,189,0931,415,56298,67566 San Bernardino 935,366868,45329,00190 San Diego 2,340,6412,513,98446,402106 San Francisco 1,524,4641,677,43789,16189 San Jose 1,505,6761,441,27994,74588 San Luis Obispo 805,508724,53138,89562 San Marcos 441,812538,20317,07147 Sonoma 506,040585,082191,18734 Stanislaus 344,311513,56531,61127 Total 21,160,75525,396,7981,417,0371,307

49. Norway: BIBSYS  Provides automation services for:  National Library of Norway  105 Academic and Special Libraries  History of local system development  Originally selected WorldShare Platform for new generation system development (Nov 2010) and later withdrew (Oct 2012)  Primo implemented for Discovery (May 2013)  Alma selected for new shared infrastructure (Jan 2014)

50. Comparison of Projects InstitutionVolumesLibraries Orbis Cascade Alliance28,000,00066 WHELF10,834,43232 California State University25,396,79825

51. Conclusions  General Society and Scholarly environment has changed  Library collections now more complex than ever  Fragmented environments and legacy applications have negative impact on a library’s ability to fulfill its mission  Library services platforms and index-based discovery services now routine and maturing products  These components provide a basic infrastructure to build a new future for technology-based library services

52. Questions and Discussion