1. The Antibacterial Effects of a Household Cleaner Greg Vojtek Central Catholic Pittsburgh Grade 9

2.  Is an all natural cleaner better than a chemical based cleaner?

3. Introduction Types of Cleaner Used Fantastik Heavy Duty Cleaner Seventh Generation All Natural Cleaner Types of Bacteria Used Escherichia Coli

4.  Kills 99.9 percent of bacteria in 10 seconds.  Bacteria killed: Escherichia coli, Salmonella choleraesuis, Staphylococcus pyogenes, and Listeria monocytogenes.  Kills viruses that cause the common cold and flu, including Influenza A

5. Made with all natural ingredients Kills 99.8 of the bacteria on surfaces. Biodegradable formula

6. o Inhabit intestinal tract o Many different types o Many are not harmful o Different types of infections o Serves as a common prokaryotic cell model

7.  Scientists in North Carolina have tested cleaners to see the effects on the floor of a grocery store.  Researchers at the University of California, Berkeley, and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory did an experiment on the toxic levels of household cleaners.  In a recent study, that bleach is a leading cause of chemical cleaner deaths.

8.  The purpose of this experiment is to test how well an all natural and a normal cleaner kill bacteria.

9. o Null hypothesis: Seventh Generation and Fantastik cleaners will not significantly reduce E. coli survivorship.  Alternative hypothesis: Fantastik Cleaner and Seventh Generation Cleaner will significantly reduce E. coli survivorship, and Fantastik cleaner will kill more E coli.

10.  LB Media (0.5% yeast extract, 1% tryptone, 1% sodium chloride)  E.coli DH5 Alpha  Pipets  Fantastik Heavy Duty Cleaner  Seventh Generation Natural All Purpose Cleaner  Filters  Spreaders  Ethanol  Matches  Test Tubes  Vortex  Bunsen burner  Sterile Dilution Fluid (100mM KH 2 PO 4, 100mM K 2 HPO 4, 10mM MgSO 4, 1mM NaCl)

11. 1. Escherichia coli B was grown overnight in sterile LB media. 2. sample of the overnight culture was added to fresh media in a sterile sidearm flask. 3. The culture was incubated at 37°C until a density of 50 Klett spectrophotometer units was reached. (Cell density approximately 10 8 cells/mL). 4. The culture was diluted in a sterile dilution fluid to a concentration of approximately 10 5 cells/mL. 5. The selected experimental variables were diluted with sterile dilution fluid to the chosen concentrations to a total of 9.9 mL. 6. 0.1 mL. of cell culture was then added to the test tubes, yielding a final volume of 10 mL. and a cell density of approximately 10 3 cells/mL. 7. The solution was mixed by vortexing and allowed to sit at room temperature for 15 minutes. 8. After vortexing to evenly suspend cells, 0.1 mL aliquots were removed from the tubes and spread on 64 LB agar plates. 9. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. 10. The resulting colonies were counted. Each colony is assumed to have risen from one cell.

12. 0% Cleaner0.10% Cleaner 1% Cleaner 10% Cleaner E. coli 0.1mL SDF (Sterile Dilution Fluid) 9.9mL9.89mL9.8mL8.9mL Cleaner (Fantast ik/Seve nth Generat ion) 0mL0.01mL0.1mL1mL Total 10mL

13. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSumAverageVariance Column 161786297.6667158.2667 Column 261511251.833341.36667 Column 361313218.833373.36667 Column 467011.6666711.86667 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups 287697.7395899.221346.5843.11E-233.098391 Within Groups1424.3332071.21667 Total28912223

14. Anova: Single Factor SUMMARY GroupsCountSumAverageVariance Column 161788298130 Column 261173195.5422.7 Column 36820136.6667157.0667 Column 4654590.8333336.16667 ANOVA Source of VariationSSdfMSFP-valueF crit Between Groups143954.8347984.94257.31493.86E-163.098391 Within Groups3729.66720186.4833 Total147684.523

15. 136.6 218.8 11.6 90.8

16. Dunnett’s Test Analysis T Critical = 3.10 (significant) Alpha = 0.05 Pulse Liquid Exposure Variable Concentration T valueInterpretation 0.1% Fantastik Cleaner 9.40 Significant 1% Fantastik Cleaner 16.17Significant 10% Fantastik Cleaner 58.70Significant

17. Dunnett’s Test Analysis T Critical = 3.10 (significant) Alpha = 0.05 Pulse Liquid Exposure Variable Concentration T valueInterpretation 0.1% Seventh Generation 13.00Significant 1% Seventh Generation 20.47Significant 10% Seventh Generation 26.28Significant

18. Conclusion o The null hypothesis that Fantastik and Seventh Generation cleaners do not affect E. coli survivorship was rejected for all concentrations.

19.  Different Cleaners  Test different bacteria  Test in different temperature  The cleaner could be infused into the agar for a long exposure test.

20.  Only Could test two cleaners  Only had 4 different concentrations  The plating process could been done more careful

21.  http://www.goodguide.com/products/171413-fantastik-all-purpose-cleaner-antibacterial-lemo http://www.goodguide.com/products/171413-fantastik-all-purpose-cleaner-antibacterial-lemo  http://www.scrubbingbubbles.com/Products/Pages/antibacterial-fantastik-all-purpose-cleaner- heavy-duty.aspx http://www.scrubbingbubbles.com/Products/Pages/antibacterial-fantastik-all-purpose-cleaner- heavy-duty.aspx  http://www.seventhgeneration.com/Green-Cleaning http://www.seventhgeneration.com/Green-Cleaning  http://www.soap.com/buy?freetext=Seventh%20Generation%20- %20&queryfrom=n&viewheader=n&utm_source=Google&utm_medium=cpc_S&utm_content=HouseHol d&utm_campaign=HH- Seventh%20Generation&src=soapsave15&utm_term=seventh%20generation%20cleaners http://www.soap.com/buy?freetext=Seventh%20Generation%20- %20&queryfrom=n&viewheader=n&utm_source=Google&utm_medium=cpc_S&utm_content=HouseHol d&utm_campaign=HH- Seventh%20Generation&src=soapsave15&utm_term=seventh%20generation%20cleaners  http://www.scrubbingbubbles.com/Products/Pages/default.aspx http://www.scrubbingbubbles.com/Products/Pages/default.aspx  http://lakeland.edu/AboutUs/MSDS/PDFs/919/Fantastik%20Heavy%20Duty%20(SC%20Johnson).pdf http://lakeland.edu/AboutUs/MSDS/PDFs/919/Fantastik%20Heavy%20Duty%20(SC%20Johnson).pdf  http://www.wikipedia.org/ http://www.wikipedia.org/  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli  http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/allergy-and- asthma/articles/2008/07/25/health-hazards-in-household-cleaners-exposed http://health.usnews.com/health-news/family-health/allergy-and- asthma/articles/2008/07/25/health-hazards-in-household-cleaners-exposed