1. 1 Radiology Panorex and Extra-oral films

2. 2 Purpose: Covers large areas of jaw and skull TMJ – Temporal Mandibular joint Wisdom teeth Fractured Jaw Covers large areas of jaw and skull TMJ – Temporal Mandibular joint Wisdom teeth Fractured Jaw

3. 3 Cephalametric Jaw measurements for ortho

4. 4 Extraoral films Outside the mouth Panorex Cephalametric TMJ Outside the mouth Panorex Cephalametric TMJ

5. 5 Cassettes Holds film Rotates around patient with xray beam directed at film Left and Right marked on cassette Holds film Rotates around patient with xray beam directed at film Left and Right marked on cassette

6. 6 Intensifying screen Located inside cassette that allows the use of less radiation Sandwiched between two screens that contain phosphor Located inside cassette that allows the use of less radiation Sandwiched between two screens that contain phosphor

7. 7 Phospor emit light when xrays strikes it Light from screens expose film Process intensifies the action of xrays – fewer xrays needed Phospor emit light when xrays strikes it Light from screens expose film Process intensifies the action of xrays – fewer xrays needed

8. 8 Phosphor comes in two types –Calcium Tungstate – blue light –Rare Earth – Green light Phosphor comes in two types –Calcium Tungstate – blue light –Rare Earth – Green light

9. 9 Focal Trough Also know as image layer 3 dimensional horseshoe shaped zone – only structures in zone will be recorded Also know as image layer 3 dimensional horseshoe shaped zone – only structures in zone will be recorded

10. 10 Lining up a Panorex Midsagittal plane – Down the middle of face perpendicular to floor

11. 11 Frankfort plane Parallel to floor – line that passes through the floor of orbit (eye socket) and external auditory meatus (opening of ear)

12. 12 Bite-pin Plastic stick inserted on machine where patient bites – positions incisal and occlusal edges of central incisors

13. 13 Adjust machine to correct height, select correct exposures

14. 14 Preparing the patient Remove eyeglasses, piercings, removable appliances Place lead apron – minus thyroid collar Have patient swallow and put tongue to roof of mouth Remove eyeglasses, piercings, removable appliances Place lead apron – minus thyroid collar Have patient swallow and put tongue to roof of mouth

15. 15 Other extraoral films Posteroanterior projection –Facial growth and development –Front projection – patient faces film Posteroanterior projection –Facial growth and development –Front projection – patient faces film

16. 16 Water projection – Evaluate the maxillary sinus – patient faces film and elevates chin so chin hits cassettes

17. 17 Submentovertex projection Used to identify the position of the condyles, demonstrate the base of the skull and evaluate fractures of the zygomatic arch

18. 18 Transcranial Projections or Temporomandibular Joint Xrays of the Jaws

19. 19 TMJ Tomography Special xray that takes cross sections of the joint. Special xray is needed, usually hospitals or radiographic imaging