1. Verbs

2. Action Verbs pg zebra
The main word in the predicate is the verb and most verbs are action verbs.
An action verb shows what the subject does or did in the sentence.
Ex: pitch, flew, and ran
Action verbs can also show action that you cannot see.
Ex: thought and inspires

3. Direct Objects pg 98-99 zebra
A direct object is a word in the predicate that receives the action of a verb.
It can be a noun or a pronoun. (A pronoun takes the place of a noun.
Ex: him or them.)
The direct object answers the question What or Whom after the verb.
Ex: The captain steers the big ship. (Steers what? Ship)

4. Main Verbs and Helping Verbs pg 100-101 zebra
A verb may have two parts, a main verb and one or more helping verbs.
A main verb shows the action of the sentence.
The helping verb works with the main verb and does not show action.
The main verb and helping verbs together form a verb phrase.
Ex: She is winning the race.
Cont…

5. Common Helping Verbs
am are were shall has
is was will have had

6. Linking Verbs pg 102-103 zebra
A linking verb links the subject of the sentence with a word or words in the predicate.
A linking verb doesn’t show action and it is not a helping verb.
It is followed by a word in the predicate that names or describes something.
Ex: Anna looks cheerful. (Cheerful describes Anna.)
Cont…

7. Some verbs can be either linking verbs or action verbs.
A-The crowd looked at the divers.
L- The divers looked tired. (Tired
describes divers.)
Common Linking Verbs
am is are was were will be
look feel taste smell seem appear

8. Present Tense pg 104-105 zebra
A verb that tells what the subject is doing right now is in the present tense.
You change the form of a verb in the present tense when a singular noun is in the subject.
Ex: The ranger sees the campers.
You don’t change the form of verbs when they are used with a plural subject or with I or you.
Ex: I wave. You wave. The campers wave.
Cont…

9. Rules for Forming the Present Tense
1.) Most verbs: Add –s Ex: get-gets
2.) Verbs ending with s, Ex: push-pushes
ch, sh, x and z: mix-mixes
Add –es
3.) Verbs ending with a Ex: try-tries
Consonant and y:
Change y to an i and
add –es.

10. Past Tense pg zebra
A verb that shows something has already happened is in the past tense.
Usually the past tense is formed by adding –ed. But, some verbs may have to undergo a spelling change before you add –ed.
Cont..

11. Rules for Forming the Past Tense
1.) Most Verbs: Ex: play-played
Add –ed
2.) Verbs ending with e: Ex: hope-hoped
Drop the final e
and add ed
3.) Verbs ending with a Ex: study-studied
consonant and y:
Change y to an i and
add –ed.
4.) One-syllable verbs ending Ex: plan-planned
with a single vowel and a
consonant:
Double the final consonant
and add -ed

12. Future Tense pg
A verb that tells that something is going to happen is in the future tense.
To form the future tense of a verb, use the helping verb will or shall with the main verb. Shall is often used with I or we.
Ex: She will come with us.
We shall stay here this summer.

13. Subject-Verb Agreement pg 112-113
A present tense verb and its subject must agree in number.
If a subject is singular, use the singular form of the verb.
If a subject is plural, use the plural form of the verb.
Cont…

14. Rules for Subject-Verb Agreement
1.) Singular subject: Ex: She teaches
Add –s or –es to the verb the class.
2.) Plural subject: Ex: The dogs pull
Do not add –s or –es the sled.
to the verb
3.) I or you: Ex: You write well.
Use the plural form
of the verb

15. Agreement with be and have
Form of be
Singular Subject Present Past
I am was
You are were
He, She, It is was
Plural Subject
We are were
You are were
They are were

16. Form of have
Singular Subject Present Past
I have had
You have had
He, She, It has had
Plural Subject
We have had
You have had
They have had

17. Contractions with Not
A contraction is a word formed by joining two words, making one shorter word.
An apostrophe takes the place of the letter or letters dropped to shorten a word.
Examples:
do not-don’t must not-mustn’t
does not-doesn’t will not-won’t
had not-hadn’t should not-shouldn’t
cannot- can’t

18. Regular and Irregular Verbs
Regular verbs form the past tense by adding –ed.
Irregular verbs do not form the past tense by adding –ed. They have special forms to show the past.
Irregular Verb Past Tense Past tense with Helping verb
bring brought (has, have, had) brought
come came come
go went gone
make made made
run ran run
say said said
take took taken
think thought thought
write wrote written

19. More Irregular Verbs Verb Past Tense Past tense with Helping verb
ring rang (has, have, had) rung
sing sang sung
swim swam swum
begin began begun
tear tore (has, have, had) torn
wear wore worn
break broke (has, have, had) broken
speak spoke spoken
steal stole stolen
choose chose chosen
freeze froze frozen
blow blew (has, have, had) blown
grow grew grown
know knew known
fly flew flown

20. Verb Phrases with have
The helping verb have is often used with the helping verbs could, would, should, and must.
These are spoken as contractions:
could have could’ve
would have would’ve
should have should’ve
must have must’ve
Do not use of with could, would, should, or must
Incorrect-You should of seen the parade.
Correct-You should have seen the parade.

21. Teach, Learn; Let, Leave
Teach- to give instruction He will teach us history.
Learn- to receive instruction We will learn about Rome.
Let- to permit Let Kevin go with us.
Leave- to go away from We will leave tomorrow.
to let remain in place Leave it on the table.

22. Sit, Set; Can, May Sit-to rest I will sit in the chair.
Set- to place or put Set the books down.
Can-to be able I can ride my bike well.
May-to be allowed May I go to the park?