1. Chapter 4

2. Cow Anatomy

3. Terms to Know
Pins- the protrusions of the wing of the Ilium bones (pelvis) just lateral to the base of the tail in ruminants
Brisket- the mass of connective tissue, muscle, and fat covering the cranioventral (front) part of the chest in ruminants
Dewclaw- the rudimentary first digit. Found on cows, dear, goats, cats, and dogs
Poll- the top of the head
Switch- hair at the end of the tail

4. Cow Skeleton Anatomy

5. Terms to Know Mandible- bottom jaw Maxilla- top jaw
Parts of the spine (in order from cranial to caudal end)- Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, caudal.

6. Horse Anatomy

7. Terms to Know
Chestnut- a callus on the body of the horse usually around the leg/hock area.
Muzzle- the forward, projecting part of the head of certain animals including the mouth, nose, and jaws; also called the snout.
Hoof- the horny sheath covering the toes or lower part of the foot
Hock- the tarsal joint of the hind leg
Pinna- the tips of the ears

8. More Terms to Know
Fetlock- projection on the lower part of the leg of a horse it is above and behind the hoof
Girth- strap encircling an animal's body in order to secure a load or saddle on its back
Coronet- the upper margin of a horse's hoof
Gaskin- The part of the hind leg of a horse or related animal between the stifle and the hock
Withers- The high part of the back of a horse or similar animal, located between the shoulder blades; not the shoulders!

9. Hoof Anatomy

10. Terms to Know
Coffin Bone- is the bottom most bone in the equine leg and is encased by the hoof
Frog- the V-shaped pad of soft horn between the bars on the sole of the equine hoof

11. Goat Anatomy

12. Terms to Know
Chest Floor- the floor of the chest, used to measure meat in meat goats
Horn- hard, usually permanent structures projecting from the head of certain mammals
Barrel- the trunk of a quadruped animal
Flank- the section of flesh on the body of an animal between the last rib and the hip

13. Dog Anatomy

14. Terms to Know Stop- where the muzzle needs the skull
Cheek- The fleshy part of either side of the face below the eye and between the nose and ear

15. Bird Anatomy

16. Terms to Know
Gizzard- A modified muscular pouch behind the stomach in the alimentary canal of birds
Birds sometimes swallow rocks to help the grinding process
Tailbone- the bottom of the spine
Hip Girdle- the three bones of the pelvis bonded together into one bone.
As opposed to having them sutured together
Keel- an extension of the sternum which runs axially along the midline of the sternum and extends outward

17. Similarities
A lot of the bones in horses correspond with those in cows and goats. Dogs and cats have similar structures to horses and sheep as well.
Birds are built slightly differently, because they are built to fly.