1. Characteristics of soil pockets resulting from AerWay rolling tines Song Ai, Ying Chen * Department of Biosystems Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 5V6, *ying_chen@umanitoba.ca *ying_chen@umanitoba.ca

2. Introduction  AerWay rolling tines  Ontario-based Holland Equipment  Create pockets on the ground  Low soil disturbance  Reducing runoff and erosion

3. Objectives  Study pocket characteristics of AerWay rolling tines  Tillage depth  Offset angle  Type of tine

4. Site descriptions  Clay loam soil  57% sand, 22% silt, and 21% clay  located in Piney, Manitoba  Sandy soil  75% sand, 18% silt, and 7% clay  located in Menisino, Manitoba

5. Experimental design  Types of rolling tines  Shatter tines and Leaf tines  Offset angles  0 and 5 degree  Injection depths  125 and 150 mm  Number of treatments  8  Replication  4  Total number of test runs  64

6. Pocket opening Clay loam Sandy soil

7. Measurements - Pocket opening and volume

8. Results and discussion

9. Pocket opening  Clay loam  significant interaction effects  penetration depth and offset angle  for both tines, pocket length increased with a greater penetration depth  pocket width increased with a greater tine offset angle  the greatest length, width, and area - 150 mm depth and 5° offset angle, regardless of the type of tine used

10. Pocket opening  Sandy soil  not significant interaction effects  penetration depth and offset angle  pocket length was affected by penetration depth for shatter tines only  with the same penetration depth and offset angle  pocket opening created by Shatter tine was greater than that created by Leaf tine

11. Pocket volume in the clay loam soil for different combinations of penetration depth and offset angle

12. Pocket volume of AerWay rolling tines in the sandy soil

13. Conclusion  Characteristics of the soil pockets varied  type of soil, type of tine, penetration depth, and offset angle  Shatter tines created larger pocket openings than Leaf tines  Pockets openings  shorter and wider in the clay loam soil  longer and narrower in the sandy soil

14. Conclusion  The greater penetration depth resulted in a bigger pocket opening length  The larger offset angle increased pocket volume  Pocket volumes  sandy soil smaller than clay loam soil  Greater injection depth, large offset angle, heavier soil, and Shatter tines types favour large pocket volumes and opening

15. Question