1. Achieving Higher Savings in Low-Income Weatherization Jacqueline Berger 2015 IEPEC Conference ― Long Beach, California

2. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Session Outline Introduction Maximizing Energy Savings  Target High Energy Users  Install Major Measures where Cost-Effective  Quality Service Delivery Performance Measurement Summary and Recommendations 2

3. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Low-Income Energy Efficiency Programs Serve many purposes  Affordability  Comfort  Health and safety  Equity Many goals for the programs Sometimes the goals are conflicting 3

4. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Potential Goals 4 Energy SavingsCost-EffectivenessBill ReductionRatepayer Subsidy ReductionEnvironmental ImpactEconomic ImpactVulnerable Households Served

5. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Energy Savings 5 Programs Vary on Many Levels Administration State office Utility Nonprofit Geography Fuels Measures Common Interest Among Managers Importance of energy savings Findings from billing impact analysis

6. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Presentation 6 Evaluations of many different programs Not an in-depth analysis of one program Common elements that relate to higher savings Recommendations for achieving higher savings

7. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Maximizing Energy Savings 7

8. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Reaching High Usage Customers High usage customers Utility Lists Promote awareness Acceptance of legitimacy Program Outreach Neighbors Friends and relatives Referrals Serves goal of reduced ratepayer subsidy Link with Bill Payment Program Relative to savings opportunities Calibrate Offerings 8

9. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Treating High Usage Across Program Analysis 9 Seven low-income efficiency program evaluations over past eight years. Seven low-income efficiency program evaluations over past four years.

10. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Treating High Usage Within Program Analysis 10 Program 1 - Electric BaseloadProgram 2 - Electric Baseload Pre-Treatment kWh Savings Pre-Treatment kWh Savings kWh% % < 8,000-79-1.1%< 8,0001932.8% 8,000-12,0004194.3%8,000-12,0005225.3% > 12,0001,0796.6%> 12,0001,98412.2% Program 3 - Electric HeatingProgram 4 - Electric Heating Pre-Treatment kWh Savings Pre-Treatment kWh Savings kWh% % ≤10,0003544.2%< 16,0007535.7% 10001-16,0006935.4%16,000-26,0001,3676.7% >16,0001,5598.1%> 26,0004,61413.5%

11. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Treating High Usage Within Program Analysis 11 Program 1Program 2 Pre-Treatment ccf Savings Pre-Treatment ccf Savings ccf% % ≤800101.5%< 800233.5% 801-1,200464.7%800 – 1,400767.3% >1,200794.9%> 1,4001448.3% Program 3Program 4 Pre-Treatment ccf Savings Pre-Treatment ccf Savings ccf% % <1,400 14611.7%750-1,00012314.0% 1,400-1,600 18412.3%1,000-1,250 18216.4% >1,6001296.5% 1,250-1,500 21715.9% >1,500 36520.0%

12. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Penetration of Major Measures Number of Major Measures Air Sealing, Attic Insulation, Other Insulation, HVAC Replacement, Duct Sealing, Refrigerator Replacement Obs. Savings kWh% None723<0.1% 1904273.3% 2871,1728.8% 3631,4299.4% 4-5222,29314.1% 12 Electric Savings by Number of Major Measures Installed in Electric Heating Jobs

13. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Penetration of Major Measures 13 Number of Major Measures Air Sealing, Attic, Floor, Sidewall, Wall/Perimeter Insulation, HVAC Replacement, Duct Sealing Obs. Savings ccf% 093880.8% 1678151.6% 2838252.5% 35061119.9% 416817013.5% 5-63223717.3% Number of Major Measures Air leakage reduction and/or air sealing (one measure), Attic, Wall, Header Insulation, Unspecified Insulation Obs Savings ccf% 05816710.6% 1198805.1% 225416210.5% 316722614.2% 4 or more5327116.8% Natural Gas Savings by Number of Major Measures Installed

14. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Quality Service Delivery Evaluation Method 14 Develop check lists and rating scales Train experts to implement consistently Quantify findings across all observations and inspections Enrich data with descriptive information Recommendations for program based on prevalent issues

15. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 To inform measure selection To determine installation specifications Insufficient use of diagnostic testing results Example - air sealing at the top of the envelope not prioritized Lack of focus on the highest priority areas Blower door – guide air sealing work Zonal Pressure testing – affirm appropriate pressure boundary Failure to use appropriate testing Ducts outside conditioned spaces Pressure pan testing to ensure effective work Duct sealing - incorrect focus and failure to test Quality Service Delivery Weaknesses Identified 15

16. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Quality Service Delivery Weaknesses Identified 16 Wall insulation seen infrequently Missed opportunities for insulation. Failure to assess all refrigerators and freezers. Missed opportunities for two-for-one swaps. Refrigerators and freezers Do not provide appropriate guidance Example –detail on air sealing priorities Work orders How to use energy and maintain measures Lost opportunities for customer actions Customer education

17. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Quality Service Delivery Program 1Program 2 Applicable Obs. Action Taken Applicable Obs. Action Taken #%#% Measured surfaces1009494%755776% Inspected all accessible attics 786988%626198% Created access to inaccessible attics 33310%2300% Inspected for all typical bypasses 1006262%756789% Visual inspection for air sealing opportunities 1008383%767193% Used blower door while inspecting for leaks 966467%513263% 17 Audit Observation Findings: Air Leakage and Insulation Diagnostics

18. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Quality Service Delivery Program 1Program 2 Applicable Obs. Action Taken Applicable Obs. Action Taken #%#% Blower door used to guide air sealing 831822%2628% Zone pressure testing done 80911%231252% Sealing at top and bottom prioritized 826377%211362% All major opportunities sealed 834757%251248% 18 Measure Installation Findings: Air Sealing Work

19. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Quality Service Delivery Recommendations Program Manual  Clarify measure selection and installation  Reflect best practices in home performance Spending Guidelines  Relate to savings opportunities  Allow flexibility Work Orders  Clear and specific Training Quality Control Performance Measurement 19

20. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Performance Measurement 20

21. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Performance Measurement 21 Program Statistics RefinePilot ChangesQuality Control Hold Contractors Accountable Assess Inputs and Outputs Assess Inspection Results Assess Energy Savings

22. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Performance Measurement 1. Develop Baseline Statistics  Pre-treatment usage, measure installation rates, energy savings measured through billing analysis 2. Refine Procedures  Documentation, contractor training 3. Pilot Program Changes  Innovative strategies implemented on small scale  Examples: treating low usage, high baseload, health and safety issues, homes previously treated 4. Conduct Quality Control  Observe, inspect, quantify findings, agree on specifications 22

23. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Performance Measurement 5. Require Contractor Accountability  Require remediation, set goals for performance, additional QC, remove contractors if they do not improve 6. Assess Inputs and Outputs  Improving enough to lead to better results? 7. Assess Inspection Results  Comprehensive installations, missed opportunities, poor quality work  Early indication of savings expectations 8. Assess Energy Savings  Billing analysis on an annual basis 23

24. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Performance Measurement 24 Compare Results Over Time Assess What is Working Refine Program

25. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Summary and Recommendations 25

26. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Lessons Learned It is challenging to meet savings expectations Target high usage customers Ensure major measures are installed where opportunities exist Maximize use of proven home performance techniques Conduct performance measurement 26

27. IEPEC Long Beach 2015 Contact 27 Jackie Berger, Ph.D. President and Co-Founder APPRISE 32 Nassau Street, Suite 200 Princeton, NJ 08542 609-252-8009 www.appriseinc.org Jackie Berger