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WWII: European War 1939-1942
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World Crisis The depression challenges democracy
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Fascism Extreme form of government Promised to revive economy, punish those responsible, and restore national pride
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Fascist Italy Benito Mussolini Promised a revived economy and strong Military
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Fascist Germany Adolf Hitler Brings order and security
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Nazi Ideology Pure “Aryan” or German Race Revenge of the Treaty of Versailles Lebensraum- Germany over crowed needed more living space.
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Italy Invades Africa Mussolini Attacks Ethiopia Avenge losses in 1890 League of Nations remain silent
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Germany Invades Hitler enters the Rhineland Formed a buffer between France and Germany
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Appeasement France stunned-unwilling to risk war! Britain urged appeasement- giving in to an aggressor (Hitler) to keep peace
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Axis Powers 1936 Hitlers growing power convinced Italy to form an alliance Germany, Japan, Italy
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Spain’s Civil War Democracy Fails Fascist Dictator Francisco Franco wins
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Germany Expands 1938, Hitler ignores Treaty of Versailles Absorbs Austria into Germany
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Munich Conference Hitler demands the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia) British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain gives into demands
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Nonaggression pact Russian (communist) and Germany (fascist) 10 year agreement never to attack each other They would divide Poland between them
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Blitzkrieg Germany’s Military Strategy Fast-moving airplanes and tanks followed by massive infantry forces Take enemy defenders by surprise
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The Phony War Britain and France declare war Mobilize Armies along the Maginot Line Wait for Germans to attack
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Invasion of France Germans attack through the Ardennes
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Rescue of Dunkirk Allied forces trapped in northern France Heroic act of Rescue 800 boats that took 2 months
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France Falls June 22, 1940 France Surrenders Charles de Gaulle: government-in-exile
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Battle of Britain Germany attacks Great Britain’s Air Force (RAF) Then focused on cities to break moral
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Technology Radar-electronic tracking device Enigma- German code-making machine Both essential to Britain’s victory
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Africa Italy invades North Africa (oil rich) Britain Fights back Germany helps Italy Erwin Rommel- know as “Desert Fox”
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Balkans Hitler takes control of south eastern Europe Prepares for invasion of Russia
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Invasion of Russia “Operation Barbarossa” Russia military not prepared Germany advances quickly (500 miles)
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Leningrad City cut off from Russia Hitler tries to starve the city of 2.5 million City refuses to fall (Winter 1941-1942)
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United States Neutrality Act 1941 Lend-Lease Act with Britain
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