1. Key people, laws, map projections, and regions and development measures explained Know all of these

2. Early Eratosthenes- Early cartographer Ptolomy- Wrote Guide to Geography Created the global grid, the longtitude and latitude George Parkins Marsh- Wrote Man and Nature, or Physical Geography as modified by Human Action, states that humans effect the earth

3. More People Carl Saucer- Argued culture should be added into the study of geography W.D. Pattison- He had his own way of labeling geography, using 4 traditions: Earth-science tradition, physical geography Culture-environment, environmental geography Location, cartography Area-analysis, regional geography

4. More more people Tobler: 1 st law of geography Everything is related, but close things are more related than distant things Thomas Malthus: Essay on the Principle of Population, stated that people grew exponentially while food did not, so we will all starve to death Paul Ehrlich- The Population Bomb: starts the Neo-Malthism movement, just restates Malthus’s ideas

5. More x 3 people Immanual Wallerstein- World-system theory Devision of economies of the worlds states into perifory, semi-perifory, and core countries Von Thunen Model- Rent gets lower as you get farther from central market Kevin Lynch- Image of a City, described how you should plan a city

6. People +1 + (more x 3) Law of Retail Gravitation: People are drawn to large cities Esther Boserup- As more population grows, people will have to move towards more intensive farming instead of extensive farming

7. The Belts Belts you need to know: Rust Belt- Great Lakes, Pittsburg “Steelers”, no more industry where it used to be huge Cotton Belt- AKA Sun Belt- South USA

8. Rostow’s Stages of Development 1 st - primary activities 2 nd - Exploitation of raw materials and commercialization of agriculture 3 rd - Foreign Investment 4 th - Manufacturing and Commercial Industry 5 th - Mass cunsumption

9. Least-Cost Theory Alfred Weber- People will put their manufacturing establishment where transportation, labor, sales is located, and rent

10. Projections Mercator projection- accurate compass direction, distorted land mass, STRAIGHT LINES Created by projectiong a globe onto a cylinder Fuller Projection- Accurate land mass, really crappy sense of direction Robinson Projection- Rounded corners, the main type Azimuthal Projections- paper off a globe

11. PPP n GDP + NNT y HDI Purchasing Power Parity- accounts for currency differences GDP- accounts for capital lost through expoitation of natural resources not seen in GNP NNT- Measures productions with currency and production from investments HDI- Measure human welfare- life expecancy, education, and income Gender Equity- gender equality Not measured in GNP