1. POPULATION DYNAMICS AND COMMUNITY ECOLOGY OF ZOOPLANKTON

2. Range of Food Sizes for Flagellates

3. Seasonal and Vertical Changes in Grazing

4. Rotifer Population Dynamics Comparison between simulated and observed population and clonal dynamics. Simulated (A and B) and observed (C–F) population dynamics of total algal cells (open circles, 2 × 106 cells per liter) and rotifers (open diamonds, females per liter) and clonal frequency dynamics of defended clone (UTEX 265, solid squares) and competitive clone (UTEX 396, solid triangles). (C and D) Chemostat results using 80 μM nitrogen medium. (E and F) Chemostat results using 160 μM nitrogen medium. Both chemostats run at a dilution rate, δ, of 0.85. Justin R. Meyer*Justin R. Meyer*, Stephen P. Ellner, Nelson G. Hairston, Jr., Laura E. Jones, and Takehito Yoshida. 2006. PNAS. 103(28): 10690-10695.Stephen P. EllnerNelson G. Hairston, Jr.Laura E. JonesTakehito Yoshida

5. Fig. 3. – Abundance of L. decipiens, B. variabilis and K. tropica in the Schelde estuary in 2002. Stations in the Schelde are denoted according to their distance (in km) to the mouth, at Vlissingen. Stations in the tributaries were called “Ru” for Rupel, “Du” for Durme, “De” for Dender and “Bo” for Boven Schelde. The black line indicates the brackish area of the estuary. Frédéric Azémar, Stefan Van Damme, Patrick Meire & Micky Tackx. 2007. Brit. J. Zool. 2013: 75-83.

6. Keratella tropica Fig. 7. – Diversity of patterns in posterior spines of Keratella tropica in the Schelde estuary. Frédéric Azémar, Stefan Van Damme, Patrick Meire & Micky Tackx. 2007. Brit. J. Zool. 2013: 75-83.

7. How do the three taxa of zooplankton occupy the same lake?

8. Polymorphism of Brachionus in response to Asplanchna

9. Figures 16-24 to 16-26 Daphnia galeata and Leptodora kintdii

10. Population density of Daphnia galeata mendotae in Base Line Lake

11. Base Line Lake, MI

13. General Model of Seasonal Succession

14. Simona, M., A. Barbieri, M. Veronesi, S. Malusardi, and V. Straskrabova. 1999. Seasonal dynamics of plankton in a mountain lake in the southern Alps. J. Limnol. 58(2): 169-178. Fig. 7. Seasonal changes of zooplankton abundance [animals m-2]. Fig. 8. Seasonal changes of zooplankton biomass [mg fresh weight m-2].

15. Hairston, N. G., Jr., and E. J. Olds. 1986. Partial photoperiodic control of diapause in three populations of the freshwater copepod Diaptomus sanguineus. Biological Bulletin 171:135-142.

16. Life Cycle of Cyclops scutifer

17. Life Cycle of Diaptomus reighardi

18. Often see coexistence of several congenerics. Mechanisms which promote their coexistence: Seasonal separation Vertical separation Size differences in prey

19. An oxbow (Varza Lake) was examined for vertical migration by zooplankters Rejas, D., L. de Meester, L. Ferrufino, M. Maldonado, and F. Ollevier. 2007. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in an Amazonian varzea lake. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 42(1): 71-81.

20. Vertical Migration by Microcrustaceans Figure 3. Vertical distribution of the microcrustacean taxa (Mesocyclops and Notodiaptomus) in Laguna Bufeos. Abundance is expressed as percentage of total number of individuals in vertical profile. White bars: day; dark bars: night. Error bars equal twice the standard error of the mean. Rejas, D., L. de Meester, L. Ferrufino, M. Maldonado, and F. Ollevier. 2007. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in an Amazonian varzea lake. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 42(1): 71-81.

21. Vertical Migration by Rotifers Figure 4. Vertical distribution of the rotifer taxa in Laguna Bufeos. Abundance is expressed as percentage of total number of individuals in vertical profile. White bars: day; dark bars: night. Error bars equal twice the standard error of the mean. Rejas, D., L. de Meester, L. Ferrufino, M. Maldonado, and F. Ollevier. 2007. Diel vertical migration of zooplankton in an Amazonian varzea lake. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment. 42(1): 71-81.

22. Rangel, L.M., L.H.S. Silva, M.S. Arcifa, and A. Perticarrari. 2009. Driving forces of the diel distribution of phytoplankton functional groups in a shallow tropical lake. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 69(1): doi: 10.1590/S1519-69842009000100009.

23. Sarvala, J. 1998. Ecology and the role of benthic copepods in northern lakes. Journal of Marine Systems. 15: 75-86. Fig. 4. Daily production of certain species of benthic copepods in Lake Pääjärvi (Sarvala, unpublished). (a) Attheyella crassa at 2 m depth. (b) Moraria brevipes at 2 m depth. (c) Bryocamptus echinatus at 40 m depth.

24. Vertical distribution of Daphnia retrocurva in Lake Michigan

26. Orientation of Daphnia relative to the shore and open water

27. Horizontal distribution of rotifer and crustacean zooplankters in a Swedish lake

28. The Alewife in Crystal Lake, Conn

30. Trophic production in plankton and nekton in Lake Erken

31. Lacustrine food web

32. Zooplankton production in Mirror Lake, NH

34. Summary for Zooplankton in Freshwater Systems RiversReservoirsLakes Zooplankton community structure Dominated by small forms with rapid, mostly benthic, life cycles Gradient from riverine to lacustrine forms Complex communities with protistan mesozooplankton and macrozooplankton Zooplankton community development Low development; mainly derived from lakes and floodplain Highest development in transitional zone Vertical and seasonal gradients; stable and abundant Zooplankton feedingMainly particulate detritus; some planktonic or benthic algae Detritus and phytoplankton Phytoplankton dominant food source Zooplankton growthLow, but highest in high-order streams; limited by displacement by unidirectional flow Low to moderate; but variable with changing food availability and quality Moderate to high