1. Civil War America at War

2. A Road to Disunity The northern states and the southern states started growing apart in the early 19 th Century. They grew apart financially, socially, and politically. Sectionalism was one of the main issues. Sectionalism is loyalty to the issues of your own region or section of the country rather than the country as a whole.

3. Tariffs of Abominations Tariffs are taxes on items coming from other countries. The northern manufacturers wanted tariffs to compete with cheaper British goods. The south did not like the tax, because they traded with the British, and they believed the British would tax their goods, so they called the taxes, Tariffs of Abominations.

4. States’ Rights The Southern states believed in States’ Rights, or that states should govern themselves without interference of the federal government. South Carolina threatened to leave the union, because they believed the tariffs endangered their state’s rights. South Carolina nullified (rejected) the tariffs instead.

5. Slavery Several events brings slavery to the forefront in American politics. The Missouri Compromise (1820) 1. Maine was admitted as a Free State and Missouri was admitted as a Slave State to keep a balance of free and slave states in the U.S. Congress. 2. Slavery was prohibited north of Latitude 36*30

6. Slavery con’t The Compromise of 1850 (Debate lasted for 8 months before compromise) 1. California came into the Union as a Free State. 2. Slave trading was stopped in the District of Columbia. 3. Texas gave up the idea of taking in New Mexico, so it could be part of a slave state.

7. Slavery con’t The territories of New Mexico and Utah could decide if they wanted to be free or slave states (popular sovereignty). 4. District of Columbia residents could keep slaves they had. 5. Congress would pass a law stating that slaves that ran away to a free state would be returned to their owners. (Fugitive Slave Law)

8. Georgia Platform In response to the Compromise of 1850, Georgia held a convention called the Georgia Platform. 1. Delegates outlined their support for the compromise and their concerns for the future. 2. Delegates did not want to secede from the union, but to preserve it. However, secession did remain an important topic to Southern states.

9. Slavery con’t Kansas-Nebraska Act 1.Written by Stephen Douglas of Illinois 2.Created two new territories which had “Popular Sovereignty” 3.This changed the Missouri Compromise of 1820, which did not allow slavery north of Missouri’s southern boundary.

10. Kansas-Nebraska Act 4. Fights broke out between Free Soilers and pro-slave settlers. 5. In Kansas, almost 200 settlers were killed- this event became known as “Bleeding Kansas.”

11. Slavery Con’t Dred Scott Decision Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri He was taken to Illinois and Wisconsin ( free states) by his owner. He returned to Missouri and filed suit saying he was free since he had lived in free states The case went before the U.S. Supreme Court in 1857- The Court ruled Scott could not sue because he was a slave and not a citizen.

12. Dred Scott

13. The Election of 1860 1. The issue of slavery was the biggest issue on the platform. The newly formed Republican Party chose Illinois resident Abraham Lincoln as their candidate. He had been outspoken against slavery. 2. Democrats were torn. Northern Democrats wanted popular sovereignty for territories when they became states

14. The Election of 1860 con’t Southern Democrats were against territories having popular sovereignty. They walked out of the convention. Northern and Southern Democrats chose different candidates 3. Abraham Lincoln won with only 40 per cent of the popular vote.

15. Abraham Lincoln

16. Secession 1. A Republican winning was the final straw for some Southern states. South Carolina seceded in 1860, only a few days after Lincoln was elected. 2. On January 29, 1861, after much discussion, Georgia voted 208-89 to secede from the Union. The people who did not want to secede were Unionists. Alexander Stephens did not want to secede, but to compromise.

17. Secession 3. Before Lincoln took office in March, seven states had left the Union. Four states will soon follow them. 4. Montgomery, Alabama was the first capital of the Confederate States of America. Jefferson Davis was elected presidency of the confederacy, Georgia’s Alexander H. Stephens as Vice- President, and Georgia’s Robert Toombs as Secretary of State.

18. Secession 5. Georgia ratified the Confederate Constitution on March 16, 1861.

19. A Nation Divided

20. Military Strategies North (the Union)- used a naval blockade of the southern states’ coasts. This was called the Anaconda Plan. The Union did not expect the South to fight for long, and they believed the blockade would make them surrender fast.

21. Anaconda Plan

22. Military Strategies South- King Cotton Diplomacy was a strategy where the south believed foreign countries would help them fight the north because they needed the south’s cotton. They also believed the war would be short.

23. The American Civil War The first shots of the Civil War were fired upon Fort Sumter in Charleston, South Carolina on April 12, 1861. The Confederacy wanted to take over the Union-controlled fort.

24. The American Civil War The first major battle between the confederacy and the Union was on July 21, 1861. The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas) was fought in Northern Virginia. The confederacy won.

25. Emancipation Proclamation This document stated that “all persons held as slaves in any state of the Confederacy shall be forever free as of January 1, 1863. This gave the north another reason to keep fighting in the long war.

26. Major Battles Battle of Antietam (1862) was the first major battle of the Civil War fought on Union territory. September 17 th was the “bloodiest day of the entire war.” Union causalities were 12,410 and the confederate causalities were 13,724.

27. Major Battles Battle of Gettysburg (1863) was Robert E. Lee’s second attempt to attack on Union territory. This battle became the deadliest battle of the entire war. Total causalities for the battle were 21,049 for the Union and 28,063 for the Confederates. The Battle of Gettysburg was a huge moral victory for the Union.

28. Civil War in Georgia Battle of Chickamauga (1863)- was the bloodiest Civil War battle in Georgia. Total causalities for the battle were 16,170 for the Union and 18,454 for the Confederacy.

29. Civil War in Georgia

30. Andersonville was a Confederate prison for Union soldiers who had been captured during battles. Andersonville was a very harsh and cruel place to go for Union soldiers. Over 12,000 Union soldiers died at Andersonville.

31. Civil War in Georgia

32. This was the start of a planned attack into the deep South. Battle (siege) of Atlanta happened under the leadership of Union General William T. Sherman. He bombed a fortified Atlanta for 40 days. Confederate troops finally fled Atlanta, and Sherman and his troops set fire to the major buildings of Atlanta.

33. William T. Sherman

34. Sherman’s March to the Sea Sherman ordered that during the March to the Sea the Union soldiers would collect food, horses, mules, and other supplies. His troops tore up railroad lines, which came to be known as “Sherman’s Neckties.”

35. Sherman’s March to the Sea If Sherman’s troops encountered resistance, they burned homes and businesses and they became known as “Sherman’s sentinels.” Sherman met little resistance.

36. Savannah Throughout the war, the Union could not take Savannah by sea because of Fort Jackson guarding it On December 13, 1864, Sherman’s troops had a brief battle at Fort McAllister but won. The rest of the Confederate troops left Savannah on December 20, and Sherman and his troops marched in on December 21, 1864.

37. Savannah Sherman thought Savannah was a beautiful city, and instead of burning it, he gave it to President Lincoln as a Christmas present. This was the end of the Civil War in Georgia.

38. End of the Civil War Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant in Appomattox, Virginia on April 9, 1865 to officially end the Civil War.

39. Death of Abraham Lincoln On April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth killed President Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, DC.