1. Exclamatory Sentences Ed McCorduck English 402--Grammar SUNY Cortland http://mccorduck.cortland.edu

2. Exclamatory sentences have wh-words (usually only what and how) as modifiers of elements in deep structure. the wh-words and the elements they modify are fronted in the surface structure (and in Reed-Kellogg diagrams of exclamatory sentences the w and h of surface-initial What and How are capitalized) slide 2: characteristics of exclamatory sentences English 402: Grammar

3. slide 3: example of an exclamatory sentence and its Reed-Kellogg diagram English 402: Grammar ex How ghastly he looks!

4. slide 3: another example of an exclamatory sentence and its Reed-Kellogg diagram English 402: Grammar ex How you’ve ruined my life!

5. In Reed-Kellogg diagrams, if the what or how of an exclamatory sentence itself modifies a modifier (i.e., an element normally drawn below the main horizontal line such as a determiner, preposition or adverb), the how or what is connected to the modifier through a special structure: slide 4: special rule for Reed-Kellogg diagrams when how or what modifies a modifier English 402: Grammar

6. slide 6: example of an exclamatory sentence with a modifying what and its Reed-Kellogg diagram English 402: Grammar ex What a lamebrain she is!

7. slide 7: example of an exclamatory sentence with a modifying how and its Reed-Kellogg diagram English 402: Grammar ex How swiftly the baying hounds run!

8. slide 8: another example and diagram of an exclamatory sentence with a modifying what English 402: Grammar ex What a crock you’re handing me!