1. King Abdulaziz University Department of European Languages & Literature Syntax (LANE-334) Chapter 3 Functions Dr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi Dr. Abdulrahman Alqurashi 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3341

2. Categories vs. Functions 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3342

3. Introduction 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3343

4. The verb and its complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3344 Verb types Intransitive Copula Monotransitive Ditransitive Complex transitive Intransitive +PP Transitive +PP Frames [ VP –] [ VP – { AdjP,NP or PP} ] [ VP – { NP / S} ] [ VP – {NP- NP / NP-PP} ] [ VP – NP - {AdjP / NP} ] [ VP – PP ] [ VP – NP - PP] Examples He laughed He seems [ AdjP very sad] He killed [ NP the mouse] He gave [ NP the girl][ NP a book] He called [ NP him][ NP a fool] He leaned [ PP towards the girl] He put [ NP the cup][ PP on the table]

5. The verb and its complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3345 Intransitive verb Monotransitive verb

6. Grammatical functions in S 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3346

7.  Examples: A. The boy was reading B. Was the boy reading? ② Subjects of finite clause agree with the first auxiliary or with the main verb if there is no auxiliary.  Examples: A. The boy was reading B. The boys were laughing A. The boy reads a story everyday. B. The boys read a story everyday. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3347

8. ③ Subject NPs can be replaced by a pronoun in the subjective form but not in the objective form.  Examples: A. The boy was reading. B. He was reading. C. * him was reading. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3348

9. Grammatical functions in S 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-3349

10. Grammatical functions in S 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33410

11. Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33411

12. Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33412

13. Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33413

14. Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33414

15. Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33415

16. Grammatical functions in VP 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33416

17. Assignment Assignment Q : Bracket the complement and indicate what kind of complement it is and how it is realized in each of the following sentences:  The doctor put her on a diet.  They left the door open.  The room is in a mess.  He destroyed all the magazines.  This song gives me a headache.  He lives in Paris. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33417

18. Adjuncts and Complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33418

19. Adjuncts and Complements 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33419

20. Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33420

21. Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33421 S

22. Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33422

23. Complex sentences: function of clauses 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33423

24. Grammatcal functions in phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33424 FunctionSpecifierHeadComplementsAdjunct CategoryModelVerbNP (PP) Exampleswillshowthe girlthe paintingsafter dinner

25. Grammatcal functions in phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33425 FunctionSpecifierHead Category(Adv)Adverb Examples [ Adv very] [ Adv extremely] [ Adv recently] [ Adv slowly]

26. Grammatcal functions in phrases 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33426 X-Phrase: Specifier – Head – Complement – {Modifier/Adjunct} X

27. What to do next week What to do next week  Read chapter 4.  Prepare for your mid-term exam See you next week. See you next week. 2014KAU-Syntax/ LANE-33427