1. Summary of Everglades Restoration NoteLocation Emvalue (Billions Em$/yr) 1 Annual total Em$ Everglades System3.96 2 Net increase in emergy value of Env. Services1.02 3 Projected cost in dollars7.6 4 Em$/$ cost ratio over 36 years: (1.02 E9 Em$/yr)(36 yr)/($7.6 E9) = 4.8/1 Net Benefit Ratio Summary of Emergy Contributions of the Everglades when Restored Note Item Solar Emergy EmDollars (E18 sej/yr) (E6 em$/yr) Renewable Resources 1 Transpiration1131.81120.5 2 Discharge (FL Bay)595.4589.4 Nonrenewable Resources 3 Fuels170.9169.2 4 Labor142.8141.4 5 Total Assets (pumps, canals, etc.)45.344.9 6 SFWMD Assets (pumps, canals, etc.)22.121.9 7 Restoration Assets (pumps, ASR, etc.)23.223.0 8Urban826.1817.9 9Total Goods & Services1087.31076.6 10 Agricultural Goods & Services1029.61019.4 11 SFWMD Goods & Services10.610.5 12 Park Goods & Services13.813.7 13 Restoration Goods & Services33.333.0 Total Renewables1727.21709.9 Total Nonrenewables2272.52249.8 Total Emergy Contributed3999.73959.7 Summary of Emergy Contributions of the Everglades (c. 1995) Note Item Solar Emergy EmDollars (E18 sej/yr) (E6 em$/yr) Renewable Resources 1Transpiration1131.81120.6 2Discharge (FL Bay)535.8530.5 Nonrenewable Resources 3Fuels172.7171.0 4Labor146.3144.9 5Assets (pumps, canals, etc.)25.425.1 6Urban826.1817.9 7Total Goods & Services1106.21095.3 8 Agricultural Goods & Services1071.71061.1 9 SFWMD Goods & Services10.610.5 10 Park Goods & Services23.823.6 Total Renewables1667.71651.2 Total Nonrenewables2276.72254.2 Total Emergy Contributed3944.43905.4 Emergy Evaluation of Ecological Services: the costs and benefits of Everglades Restoration Mark T. Brown, Matt Cohen, Eliana Bardi, and Wes Ingwersen Center for Environmental Policy/Center for Wetlands University of Florida Everglades Restoration Historic... Present day... The contribution of environmental work to the watershed of Lake Okeechobee and the Everglades of Florida can be estimated using emergy and its economic equivalent, emdollars. Emergy evaluates the work that generates real wealth and is useful for selecting those alternatives that contribute most to both the economy of humans and to environmental sustainability. Emergy and emdollars put environmental and economic items on a common basis. Economic potentials are increased by those developments that also maximize values in the environment. These calculations show the real wealth contribution of the water resources of the Everglades watershed. In 1975 a set of projects on the Everglades and south Florida was conducted at the Center for Wetlands of the University of Florida sponsored by the U.S. Department of Interior and the Florida Division of State Planning in Tallahassee. Energy systems methods of modeling, evaluation, and computer simulation were applied to ecosystems, counties, and the region as a whole. The models were numerically calibrated bringing heterogeneous data together. Many of the recommendations in that earlier study are being considered and employed in current restoration efforts. Everglades Restoration Systems Diagram showing the main flows of water... Emergy Benefit/Cost of Restoration Net benefit of active restoration Net benefit of restoration activities is the net increase in restoration of ecosystem services when compared to natural recovery EMERGY - The energy required directly and indirectly to make something  Expressed in energy of the same FORM … usually solar energy  Sometimes called Energy Memory = Emergy  Similar to Embodied Energy  Units = Solar Emergy joules = sej 4.8/1