1. Skeletal System

2. Divisions of the Skeleton
Axial skeleton consists of 74 bones that form the upright axis of the body and 6 tiny middle ear bones
Appendicular skeleton consists of 126 bones that form the shoulder girdles, arms, wrists, and hands and the hip girdles, legs, ankles and feet.

4. Axial Skeleton

5. The Skull 28 irregularly shaped bones Two major divisions
Cranium (brain case)
8 bones
All cranial bones are unpaired except for the parietal and temporal bones
Face
14 bones
All of the face bones are paired except the mandible and vomer

6. Hyoid Bone Single U-shaped bone in neck Just above the voice box
Only bone in the body that does not articulate with any other bones

7. Vertebral Column Longitudinal axis of the skeleton
24 vertebrae, sacrum and coccyx
Forward, backward and sideways movement

8. Vertebral Column 7 Cervical vertebrae (neck) 12 Thoracic vertebrae
5 Lumbar vertebrae (small of the back)
Sacrum (5 separate vertebrae that are fused in adults)
Coccyx (4 or 5 fused vertebrae)

10. Axis Atlas Atlas and Axis Second cervical vertebrae
Dens joins axis to atlas
Atlas and axis allow the head to turn from side to side
Atlas
First cervical vertebrae
Supports the skull

11. Sternum
Consists of three bones
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid Process

12. Ribs Protect the vital organs of the torso
Ribs one through seven connect directly to the sternum (true ribs)
Ribs eight through 10 connect to costal cartilage (false ribs)
Ribs 11 and 12 only connect to the back (floating ribs)

13. Ribs and Sternum

14. Appendicular Skeleton

15. Shoulder Girdle (Pectoral Girdle)

16. Bones of the Arm (Anterior View)

17. Bones of the Arm (Posterior View)

18. Bones of the Hand

19. The Pelvic Girdle
Supports the trunk and attaches the lower extremities
In early life each coxal bone is made up of three separate bones which later fuse to form one large bone
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

20. Right Coxal Bone

21. The Female Pelvis

22. Male Pelvis is deep and funnel shaped with a narrow subpubic angle
Female pelvis is shallow, broad, and flaring with a wider subpubic angle

25. The Foot

27. Bone Fractures Partial or complete break in the continuity of a bone
Open fracture (compound fracture) the broken bone projects through the skin
Closed fracture (simple fracture) does not break the skin

28. Bone Fractures

30. Abnormal Spine Curvatures

31. Curvatures a. Lordosis – “sway back” b. Kyphosis – “rounded back”
c. Scoliosis - “ lateral – sideways”

32. Spine Curvature Convex through the thoracic region
Concave through the lumbar region
scoliosis