1. 1 Civilization What does it mean to be civilized ?

2. 2Civilization A civilization is built on what is required of men, not on that which is provided for them. – Antoine De Saint-Exupery 1900-1944, French Writer Antoine De Saint-Exupery

3. 3Civilization Increased means and increased leisure are the two civilizers of man. – Benjamin Disraeli 1804-1881, British Statesman Prime Minister Benjamin Disraeli

4. 4Civilization To be able to fill leisure intelligently is the last product of civilization. – Toynbee, Arnold 1852-1883, British Economic Historian and Reformer Toynbee, Arnold

5. 5 Self-actualization (self-knowledge, fulfillment of personal potential) Esteem (autonomy, achievement, recognition) Social (belonging, affection) Safety (security, protection from harm) Physiological (Hunger, thirst, shelter) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

6. 6 What does it mean to be civilized? Historians have determined 6 characteristics of civilization: Cities Organized central governments Complex religions Social classes Job specialization and the arts Writing

7. 7 Rise of Cities Central feature of ancient civilizations Located in fertile river valleys Nile River

8. 8 Rise of Cities Rivers provided: –water supply –transportation –food supply from animals Rivers provided challenges: –flooding –irrigation Euphrates River

9. 9 Organized Central Governments Early governments were first headed by priests Later controlled by warrior chiefs or kings These kings became hereditary rulers

10. 10 Organized Central Governments Governments became more complex as new responsibilities arose such as: –tax collecting –law making –handling public works projects –organizing systems of defense

11. 11 Complex Religions Generally polytheistic –Many gods represented natural forces –Others controlled human activities –Priests and worshippers tried to gain gods’ favor through complex rituals and sacrifice

12. 12 Complex Religions Temples often built to honor specific gods and goddesses Egyptian temple Mesopotamian ziggurat Mayan temple

13. 13 Social Classes People ranked according to their profession Egyptian social structure Chief Priests Nobles Wealthy merchants Artisans Peasants/farmers Slaves

14. 14 Job Specialization and the Arts Artisans specialized in various jobs, such as: –Bricklayers –Blacksmiths Created great architecture and art

15. 15Writing Probably first used by priests Earliest writing used pictograms Mesopotamian cuneiform Egyptian hieroglyphs Chinese calligraphy

16. 16 Writing Symbols later added to represent words and then sounds Scribes were specially trained to read, write, and record information

18. 18 Where were the earliest civilizations located?

19. Why civilizations fall External External –War –Natural disaster –Disease Internal Internal –Overpopulation –Economic problems –Social disruption –Political struggles

20. How do civilizations collapse? Population size and density decrease dramatically Population size and density decrease dramatically Society tends to become less politically centralized Society tends to become less politically centralized Less investment is made in things such as architecture, art, and literature Less investment is made in things such as architecture, art, and literature Trade and other economic activities are greatly diminished Trade and other economic activities are greatly diminished The flow of information among people slows The flow of information among people slows The ruling elites may change, but usually the working classes tend to remain and provide continuity The ruling elites may change, but usually the working classes tend to remain and provide continuity

22. Is it possible to prevent collapse? Every society must: Every society must: –answer basic biological needs of its members: food, drink, shelter, and medical care. –provide for production and distribution of goods and services (perhaps through division of labor, rules concerning property and trade, or ideas about role of work). –provide for reproduction of new members and consider laws and issues related to reproduction (regulation, marriageable age, number of children, and so on). –provide for training (education, apprenticeship, passing on of values) of individuals so that they can become functioning adults in society. –provide for maintenance of internal and external order (laws, courts, police, wars, diplomacy). –provide meaning and motivation to its members.  Thuman and Bennet

23. 23 Civilization What does it mean to be civilized ?

24. 24Bibliography Annenberg/CPB American Association for the Advancement of Science Unitedstreaming.com

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