2. Water Reuse Technologies Today and Tomorrow Christine Furstoss

3. Water Reuse Technologies Today and Tomorrow Christine Furstoss – GE Water and Process Technologies 3

4. What is Reuse? Wastewater Industrial Municipal Treatment Reuse: Agriculture Recharge aquifers Indirect potable Cooling water Industrial use Value: Energy, salts, metals Reuse Wastewater Industrial Municipal TreatmentDischarge Contaminants Conventional

5. Industrial Water Reuse Segment Muni wasteBlowdown / FGD Mines Unconventional Oilsands / GasRefineries Key Technologies MBR UF/RO/ABMetUF/MBR/ABMet EDR/Thermal UF/MBR/Thermal Market Size +++++ +++ +++ ++++ ++++ Technical Challenge Low Medium High High High Customers Municipal Utilities Industrial Oil & Gas Oil & Gas Drivers Availability Efficiency Environmental Environmental Environmental Key Opportunities for Reuse More Challenging Less Challenging ABMet = Advanced Biological Metals Removal Technologies Exist to Meet the Challenge

6. Reuse Goals and Challenges Goals Sustainable, economic solution Environmentally responsible Robust, reliable, and repeatable Focus on value… “cost-to-treat” & “cost of water” Challenges No single product…focus on systems solution Difficult conditions: Process variability Temperatures > 180F (85C) Silica at saturation (450ppm) Oil/water separation Hydrocarbon species variation Slugs of solids, dilbit, ashphaltene Technology introduction vs. risk/reward model Transition from lab to field Economic modeling Regulatory 90% water recycle mandate Concentrate disposal regulations GHG reduction ? System Solution Industrial process Reduced fresh water demand Improve Purification Reduced CapEx and OpEx Treated reuse water Discharge to environment

7. Technologies & Water Recovery Produced Water 70-85% Recovery98% RecoveryBeneficial Use Membrane Based Systems Thermal Evaporation, Crystallization, Bio Polishing Waste Water Recovery systems

8. Reuse Examples EDR Plant Wastewater Purified for Plant Reuse MBR RO Pooling Waters Pure Water Ultrafiltration Reverse OsmosisEvaporator Crystallizer Salt High-recovery Industrial reuse Zero-Liquid Discharge (ZLD) Pure Water

9. Current Technology Focus Tougher Challenges Robust System Solutions Concentrate management High Recovery systems Selective salt precipitation Encapsulation/salt disposal Bioprocesses Monitoring and Diagnostics Predict & Detect monitoring Feed forward control System operability Oil Sands/EOR Frac Water Reuse and By-Product Recovery Coal Bed Methane Mining IGCC Grey Water Equipment Enhancements Energy Efficiency Membrane Life/Fouling Metallurgy/robustness Mobility Chemical Pretreatment Metals removal Scaling potential Span of performance Technologies across value chain… Reliability, predictability, maintainability

10. Reuse…Enhancing our offerings for tomorrow  Industry  Government  Consortiums  Academia Winning Teams Treat and Reuse The time is now System approach by a community…key to success R&D focused on system-level enablers Partnerships and sharing will accelerate