1. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Research and Development Helps CA Prepare for a Future of Drought Laurie ten Hope Deputy Director Energy Research and Development Division IEPR Workshop : Drought Response August 28, 2015

2. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Overview Energy Commission Research and Development Programs –Completed and active water/energy research –Forward looking water/energy research Innovation Helps California Prepare for Drought 2

3. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Water/Energy Nexus R&D Initiated in 1997, PIER funded energy-related RD&D activities included development and demonstration of water/energy technologies, strategies and tools Current water and energy research projects are funded by the Electric Program Investment Charge Hot water saving projects are funded with the natural gas research funds 3

4. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Promising R&D Projects with Energy and Water Savings Porifera, Inc.: Forward Osmosis for water recycling or juice concentration. Tersus Laundry System: Uses CO2 for washing clean room garments and other textiles. 4

5. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Promising R&D Projects with Energy and Water Savings PowWow: Agriculture Irrigation Optimization - Use of smart meter data to inform growers of water/energy use anomalies. Commercial Food Service: Advanced Wok results in more heat transfer and eliminates water used for cooling the surface. 5

6. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Promising R&D Projects with Dry Cooling A modern 500 MW combined cycle power plant with wet cooling towers may use 3 million or more gallons of water a day. Dry cooling can eliminate this power plant water use, but reduces power plant efficiency. Research is improving air-cooled steam condenser performance during the hottest hours of the day when demand for electricity is at its greatest.

7. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Future Water and Energy Research Areas Research Initiatives for the EPIC 2 nd Investment Plan* Water/Wastewater Strategies for Industrial, Agriculture and Water Water and energy efficiency in buildings Environmental and Renewable Energy 7 * Electric Program Investment Charge: 2015-17 Triennial Investment Plan http://www.energy.ca.gov/contracts/epic.html

8. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Water/Wastewater Strategies for the Industrial, Agriculture and Water Sectors Purpose: Develop, validate and document energy savings and technical proof of concept to make these technologies eligible to participate in future demonstration or deployment programs. Potential Research: Develop and test advanced technologies, such as membrane filtration technologies, that result in process improvements. Develop and test cost-effective ways to reduce energy use associated with water recycling, reuse and desalination, while increasing water production and overcoming technical and regulatory barriers. As water treatment and conveyance uses nearly 20% of California’s electricity supply, develop and test strategies/technologies to increase efficiencies in moving water to and from water treatment facilities, including leak detection and repair. 8

9. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Technology Solutions to Reduce Water in California Buildings Purpose: Develop techniques, technologies and methods to promote water and energy efficiency buildings with a goal of 30% reduction of urban water use. Potential Research Areas: Increase end-use water efficiency of fixtures, appliances and systems, including advanced and cost effective methods for leak detection and repair. Integration of sensors, controllers, smart water/electric meters and other advanced technologies to reduce water and energy use. Test strategies and technologies for gray water reuse to overcome technical, economic and regulatory barriers. 9

10. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N Environmental Energy/Water Research Potential Research: Develop information and tools to facilitate probabilistic hydrologic forecasting for hydropower generators. Develop tools, technologies and information to improve the assessment of degraded water sources for use in cooling towers. 10 Goal: Develop Water Management tools, technologies and information that will improve water management in electricity generation.

11. C A L I F O R N I A E N E R G Y C O M M I S S I O N More Information Second Triennial Investment Plan (EPIC): http://www.energy.ca.gov/2014publications/CEC-500-2014- 038/CEC-500-2014-038-CMF.pdf More info on EPIC: http://www.energy.ca.gov/research/epic/ EPIC Opportunities http://www.energy.ca.gov/contracts/epic.html 11