1. A Comparative Analysis of Children’s Rights: Introducing the Children’s Rights Index Brian Gran Case Western Reserve University

2. What good are rights? Tools Symbols Outcomes Rights

3. Criticisms of Rights Differences Enforcement Relevance “Rights Talk”

4. Criticisms of Children’s Rights Caretaker and enforcement Private sector

5. Relevance of children’s rights Useful in public and private sectors Change cultural attitudes

6. Children’s Rights What rights do children possess?

7. Citizenship and Human Rights Civil Political Social + Economic Human rights

8. Sources of children’s rights 1924: Declaration of the Rights of the Child (Declaration of Geneva) 1959: Declaration of the Rights of the Child 1989: Convention on the Rights of the Child

9. U.N. Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 191 countries Civil, political, social, and economic rights

10. Civil Article 14: Freedom to practice religion Article 37: Freedom from imprisonment with adults

11. Political Article 15: Assembly ? : Suffrage

12. Social Article 24: Right to education Article 24: Right to health care

13. Economic Article 32: Freedom from hazardous work Article 32: Freedom from economic exploitation

14. Children’s Rights Index (CRI) Measures an individual child’s formal rights (to 2 of each) Civil Political Social Economic

15. Children’s Rights Index (CRI) 4 levels (1) no right; (2) significant, formal limit; (3) minor, informal limit; and (4) right exists. Possible range: 8 to 32

16. CRI Reliability Inter-item:.714 Inter-observer:.65 + Validity Skewness:.013 Kurtosis: -.56

18. CRI 22.22: Average 13: Somalia, Swaziland 15: Bhutan 30: Andorra, Canada, Finland, Netherlands 31: St. Kitts and Nevis

19. Descriptive information

20. Explaining CRI Levels World polity factors: Presence of Intl Human Rights Orgs + Economic Openness Country factors: Country wealth + Democracy + % Women in Parliament

21. Independent variables International human rights organizations: natural log Economic openness: square root of economic openness Country wealth: square root of GDPPC Democracy: Vanhanen Women in Parliament: % in Parliament

22. Results

23. Potential Uses of CRI Research on internationalization of law Globalization of values Rights and well being Employment of rights to produce social change

24. Moving forward Replication of CRI Explanations of differences in children’s rights Impacts of children’s rights