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Giuseppe Biondi Zoccai, MD, FSICI-GISE University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Scope of the problem Second generation drug-eluting stents Update on endothelial progenitor cell capturing stents
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Scope of the problem Second generation drug-eluting stents Update on endothelial progenitor cell capturing stents
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25% Stent Thrombosis !
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Scope of the problem Second generation drug-eluting stents Update on endothelial progenitor cell capturing stents
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Scope of the problem Second generation drug-eluting stents Update on endothelial progenitor cell capturing stents
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accelerated endothelialization by EPC-“capturing” immediately after Stent Implantation Endothelialization of the Stent Struts:
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0 10 20 30 40 50 GenousBMS (%) p=0.07 mean In rabbit iliac model BMSGenous 7-days Anti-CD34 coating
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Confocal SES-anti-CD34 SES alone 3 days 14 days
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LATIN AMERICA Venezuela 1 MIDDLE EAST Egypt 6 Lebanon 1 Saudi Arabia 1 Syria 3 Turkey 3 EUROPE Austria 8 Belgium 3 Cyprus 2 Denmark 2 France 8 Germany 11 Greece 6 Ireland 1 Italy 26 Netherlands 5 Portugal 3 Spain 8 Switzerland 1 United Kingdom 9 NORTH AFRICA Tunisia 2 ASIA PACIFIC Australia 6 Hong Kong 1 Malaysia 9 Singapore 2 144 SITES Czech Republic 5 Finland 1 Hungary 2 Poland 2 Romania 1 Russian Federation 5
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Patients treated on or before Feb 22, 2007 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 30 days6 months12 months Cardiac Death0.6 %1.3 %1.9 % MI1.2 %1.5 %1.6 % Q-wave0.2 % Non Q-wave1.0 %1.3 %1.4 % TLR (Clinically Driven)0.2 %2.9 %5.0 % PCI0.2 %2.6 %4.6 % CABG0.0 %0.3 %0.4 % MACE1.9 %5.8 %8.5 % Acute stent thrombosis0.2 % Sub-acute stent thrombosis0.4 % Late stent thrombosis0.3 %
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Acute stent thrombosis0.0 % Sub-acute stent thrombosis0.2 % Late stent thrombosis0.8 % 30 days6 months12 months Cardiac Death0.8 %2.5 %3.6 % MI0.6 %1.3 % Q-wave0.1 % Non Q-wave0.5 %1.2 % TLR (Clinically Driven)0.2 %3.2 %4.9 % PCI0.2 %2.8 %4.5 % CABG0.0 %0.4 %0.5 % MACE1.6 %6.9 %9.9 % Patients treated on or before Feb 22, 2007 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR
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Acute stent thrombosis0.2 % Sub-acute stent thrombosis0.3 % Late stent thrombosis0.4 % 30 days6 months12 months Cardiac Death0.6 %1.2 %1.7 % MI1.1 %1.3 %1.4 % Q-wave0.1 % 0.2 % Non Q-wave0.9 %1.2 % TLR (Clinically Driven)0.2 %3.0 %5.2 % PCI0.2 %2.6 %4.7 % CABG0.0 %0.4 %0.5 % MACE1.8 %5.5 %8.2 % Patients treated on or before Feb 22, 2007 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR
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Acute stent thrombosis0.4 % Sub-acute stent thrombosis0.7 % Late stent thrombosis0.2 % 30 days6 months12 months Cardiac Death0.5 %2.2 %3.3 % MI1.6 %2.7 %2.5 % Q-wave0.4 %0.5 % Non Q-wave1.3 %2.2 %2.0 % TLR (Clinically Driven)0.4 %2.5 %4.2 % PCI0.4 %2.5 %4.2 % CABG0.0 % MACE2.5 %7.4 %9.9 % Patients treated on or before Feb 22, 2007 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR
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Genous (e-HEALING) Cypher (LEADERS) BioMatrix (LEADERS) Taxus (SYNTAX) Inclusion criteriaall comers 3-VD / Left main 1 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC; Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 2 MACE = Cardiac Death, MI TVR; The Lancet, 372: 1163 – 1173, 2008 3 MACE = any death, MI, TVR, Syntax Trial, presented at the ESC meeting in Munich, Sept. 2008 4 ARC definite + probable
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Genous (e-HEALING) Cypher (LEADERS) BioMatrix (LEADERS) Taxus (SYNTAX) Inclusion criteriaall comers 3-VD / Left main Number of patients3196850857903 Duration of follow-up12 months9 months 12 months 1 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC; Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 2 MACE = Cardiac Death, MI TVR; The Lancet, 372: 1163 – 1173, 2008 3 MACE = any death, MI, TVR, Syntax Trial, presented at the ESC meeting in Munich, Sept. 2008 4 ARC definite + probable
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Genous (e-HEALING) Cypher (LEADERS) BioMatrix (LEADERS) Taxus (SYNTAX) Inclusion criteriaall comers 3-VD / Left main Number of patients3196850857903 Duration of follow-up12 months9 months 12 months Cardiac death1.9 % 1 2.5 %1.6 % 4.3 % (any) 1 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC; Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 2 MACE = Cardiac Death, MI TVR; The Lancet, 372: 1163 – 1173, 2008 3 MACE = any death, MI, TVR, Syntax Trial, presented at the ESC meeting in Munich, Sept. 2008 4 ARC definite + probable
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Genous (e-HEALING) Cypher (LEADERS) BioMatrix (LEADERS) Taxus (SYNTAX) Inclusion criteriaall comers 3-VD / Left main Number of patients3196850857903 Duration of follow-up12 months9 months 12 months Cardiac death1.9 % 1 2.5 %1.6 % 4.3 % (any) MI1.6 % 1 4.6 %5.7 % 4.8 % 1 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC; Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 2 MACE = Cardiac Death, MI TVR; The Lancet, 372: 1163 – 1173, 2008 3 MACE = any death, MI, TVR, Syntax Trial, presented at the ESC meeting in Munich, Sept. 2008 4 ARC definite + probable
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Genous (e-HEALING) Cypher (LEADERS) BioMatrix (LEADERS) Taxus (SYNTAX) Inclusion criteriaall comers 3-VD / Left main Number of patients3196850857903 Duration of follow-up12 months9 months 12 months Cardiac death1.9 % 1 2.5 %1.6 % 4.3 % (any) MI1.6 % 1 4.6 %5.7 % 4.8 % TLR Clinically Driven5.0 % 1 4.9 %4.3 % 13.7 % 1 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC; Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 2 MACE = Cardiac Death, MI TVR; The Lancet, 372: 1163 – 1173, 2008 3 MACE = any death, MI, TVR, Syntax Trial, presented at the ESC meeting in Munich, Sept. 2008 4 ARC definite + probable
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Genous (e-HEALING) Cypher (LEADERS) BioMatrix (LEADERS) Taxus (SYNTAX) Inclusion criteriaall comers 3-VD / Left main Number of patients3196850857903 Duration of follow-up12 months9 months 12 months Cardiac death1.9 % 1 2.5 %1.6 % 4.3 % (any) MI1.6 % 1 4.6 %5.7 % 4.8 % TLR Clinically Driven5.0 % 1 4.9 %4.3 % 13.7 % MACE8.5 % 1 10.5 % 2 9.2 % 2 17.2 % 3 1 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC; Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 2 MACE = Cardiac Death, MI TVR; The Lancet, 372: 1163 – 1173, 2008 3 MACE = any death, MI, TVR, Syntax Trial, presented at the ESC meeting in Munich, Sept. 2008 4 ARC definite + probable
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1 All events reported before Aug 12, 2008; all events adjudicated by CEC; Worst MACE per patient = cardiac death, MI, CABG, and clinically driven TLR 2 MACE = Cardiac Death, MI TVR; The Lancet, 372: 1163 – 1173, 2008 3 MACE = any death, MI, TVR, Syntax Trial, presented at the ESC meeting in Munich, Sept. 2008 4 ARC definite + probable Genous (e-HEALING) Cypher (LEADERS) BioMatrix (LEADERS) Taxus (SYNTAX) Inclusion criteriaall comers 3-VD / Left main Number of patients3196850857903 Duration of follow-up12 months9 months 12 months Cardiac death1.9 % 1 2.5 %1.6 % 4.3 % (any) MI1.6 % 1 4.6 %5.7 % 4.8 % TLR Clinically Driven 5.0 % 1 4.9 %4.3 % 13.7 % MACE8.5 % 1 10.5 % 2 9.2 % 2 17.2 % 3 Stent thrombosis1.0 % 4 2.2 % 4 2.7 % 4 3.4 % 4 Recommended dual antiplatelet therapy4 weeks12 months
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Study flow chart 2007: 400 P-PCI 100 patients included 100 patients included (Randomization ) 50 Genous TM 50 CrCo 6-month clinical, angio and IVUS FU ASA 100mg/day+clopidogrel 75mg/day 30 days; GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors and thromboaspiration at the discretion of the physician
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6-month clinical outcome MACE CV Deaths MI TLR ST P=0.03 P=NS P=0.04 P=NS (Non hierachical) Genous TM CrCo 24 10 446 2 14 4 6 0 44 2 2
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6 month angio and IVUS data Genous Cr-Co P value Genous Cr-Co P value ANGIO DATA N=44 N=47 Late lumen loss (mm) 0.89±0.59 0.79±0.47 NS Late lumen loss (mm) 0.89±0.59 0.79±0.47 NS Restenosis (>50%) 20 13 NS Restenosis (>50%) 20 13 NS (QCA: Pie Medical Im) (QCA: Pie Medical Im) IVUS N=41 N=42 mean in-stent NIH (mm 3 ) 49.7 ± 48 40.0±22.8 NS mean in-stent NIH (mm 3 ) 49.7 ± 48 40.0±22.8 NS (Volcano, pull back 0.5%mm/s) (Volcano, pull back 0.5%mm/s) (QIVA Pie Medical Im) (QIVA Pie Medical Im)
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Stent thrombosis in Genous TM group P-PCI Day 30 Day 60 ASA ASA+clopidogrel 324852 ARC definition: ARC definition: 3x definite; 3x late Patient Age TIMI Thrombus iGP IIb/IIa Vessel EF Stent Days Treatment Dual T Stát. J.J. 61 3 Y Y RCA 60 1; 2.75/23 48 dPOBA N Alive P.U. 26 3 Y Y LAD 45 1; 3/23 32 dPCI+G Y Alive J.T. 47 2 Y Y RCA 52 2; 3.5/23+18 52 dPOBA N Alive J.T. 47 2 Y Y RCA 52 2; 3.5/23+18 52 dPOBA N Alive
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Single center trial – (Università degli Studi di Napoli - Federico II) PI: F. Piscione 195 consecutive patients underwent PCI with either Genous or DES (SES or PES) implantations in the period May – July 2006. Dual anti-platelet therapy for 1 month post-Genous implant and 9 months post DES implant. Clinical follow-up (average FU 10.1 ± 3.2 months). Follow-up major adverse clinical events (MACE): cardiac death, MI, target vessel re-PTCA, CABG.
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Age Diabetes3234 Smoke 32.750 Dislipidemia 4663 Familyhistory 38.233.4 Pre PTCA Pre CABG 10.9 9.1 15.4 3.8 p 0.047 NS Pre EF45 NS Genous DES Hypertension 70 80.6 NS (n=100) (n=95) Male 0.048 65.56±10.8 60.11±10.8 84 67.7 51 (%)
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CX (%) 16.326.2 PTCA Multivessel (%) 24.5 26.2 RCA (%) LAD (%) 57 43 p NS 3 73 NS 22.67±9 Lesion length (mm) 3 57 44.6 Genous DES 26.9±12 0.049 Multiple stenting (%) 98.595.4 NS IIb/IIIa (%) TIMI grade post 62 Direct stenting (%) 43.872.3 0.002
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Genous DES % p=0.045 p=0.013 p=0.017 p=NS
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Coronary stents have always faced a significant risk of early and late stent thrombosis Whereas second-generation drug-eluting stents have improved early and subsequent outcomes, their biocompatibility is still at stake Recent studies on EPC stents suggest the promising role of this device The asymptotic coronary stent will likely be a bioabsorbable device with drug-elution and EPC capabilities
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