1. Valley Forge Look at this famous painting of Valley Forge. What can you surmise regarding the troop’s experience here? What does this picture tell us?

2. Defeat in New York After 1776 the theater of war moved from Boston to New York (Middle Colonies) After 1776 the theater of war moved from Boston to New York (Middle Colonies) The Howe brothers (Bill & Dick) sailed into N.Y. harbor with a massive expeditionary force (32,000) including Hessian soldiers. The Howe brothers (Bill & Dick) sailed into N.Y. harbor with a massive expeditionary force (32,000) including Hessian soldiers. Washington could only pull together Washington could only pull together 23, 000 men. By the fall, Washington’s men were pushed across the Delaware into Pennsylvania. Many of his men had been killed or deserted. By the fall, Washington’s men were pushed across the Delaware into Pennsylvania. Many of his men had been killed or deserted.

3. Battle of Trenton Washington crossed the Delaware River with 2400 men in small rowboats Washington crossed the Delaware River with 2400 men in small rowboats

4. This is What's Wrong With This Picture! LEUTZE'S PAINTING of Washington Crossing the Delaware contains three errors often discussed by historians. The most egregious, since it involves an out-and-out historical inaccuracy, is the flag being carried. Notice that it is the flag commonly referred to as "The Stars and Stripes." This flag did not exist at the time Washington made his famous crossing. LEUTZE'S PAINTING of Washington Crossing the Delaware contains three errors often discussed by historians. The most egregious, since it involves an out-and-out historical inaccuracy, is the flag being carried. Notice that it is the flag commonly referred to as "The Stars and Stripes." This flag did not exist at the time Washington made his famous crossing. The flag in Leutze's painting was not adopted until June 14, 1777, six months later. Leutze should have shown the Grand Union flag, officially hoisted by Washington himself on January 2, 1776, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, as the standard of the Continental Army and the first national flag. The flag in Leutze's painting was not adopted until June 14, 1777, six months later. Leutze should have shown the Grand Union flag, officially hoisted by Washington himself on January 2, 1776, at Cambridge, Massachusetts, as the standard of the Continental Army and the first national flag. The other errors, albeit minor in nature, are the boat — it's the wrong size and shape; and Washington's standing position, while heroic, would likely have resulted in his drowning on that stormy night. Despite these flaws, the painting has endured down through the years as a symbol of the American spirit. The other errors, albeit minor in nature, are the boat — it's the wrong size and shape; and Washington's standing position, while heroic, would likely have resulted in his drowning on that stormy night. Despite these flaws, the painting has endured down through the years as a symbol of the American spirit.

5. Trenton Washington risked all to cross the Delaware with 2400 men in the middle of the night Washington risked all to cross the Delaware with 2400 men in the middle of the night He planned a surprise attack against a Hessian garrison on Christmas He planned a surprise attack against a Hessian garrison on Christmas He bet the Hessians had been drinking and they could catch them off-guard He bet the Hessians had been drinking and they could catch them off-guard This win turned the morale of the Continental Army This win turned the morale of the Continental Army

6. Philadelphia 1777 Howe schemed to seize the American capitol of Philadelphia 1777 Howe schemed to seize the American capitol of Philadelphia His troops sailed from NY to the Chesapeake Bay His troops sailed from NY to the Chesapeake Bay Congress fled the city while Washington tried to overcome the Redcoats at Brandywine Creek Congress fled the city while Washington tried to overcome the Redcoats at Brandywine Creek British captured Philly and Howe settled in to enjoy the luxuries of the city British captured Philly and Howe settled in to enjoy the luxuries of the city

7. Saratoga General John Burgoyne hatched a big plan to lead British troops from Canada to Albany…Howe, was to come up from Philly and the combined troops would isolate New England from the rest of the colonies General John Burgoyne hatched a big plan to lead British troops from Canada to Albany…Howe, was to come up from Philly and the combined troops would isolate New England from the rest of the colonies 4000 Redcoats, 3000 mercenaries, and 1000 Mohawks set out 4000 Redcoats, 3000 mercenaries, and 1000 Mohawks set out Ambushed by Ethan Allen & the Green MT. Boys Ambushed by Ethan Allen & the Green MT. Boys Burdened with Burgoyne’s luxury items Burdened with Burgoyne’s luxury items Howe was too busy having fun and forgot to meet him Howe was too busy having fun and forgot to meet him American troops surrounded Burgoyne at Saratoga where he surrendered. American troops surrounded Burgoyne at Saratoga where he surrendered. This changed British strategy This changed British strategy

8. France Secretly helped the Americans Secretly helped the Americans Recognized America as an independent nation Recognized America as an independent nation Would not make peace with Britain until it recognized America as an independent nation Would not make peace with Britain until it recognized America as an independent nation

9. Valley Forge Washington and his men struggled to stay alive over the winter of 1778 Washington and his men struggled to stay alive over the winter of 1778 Of 10,000 soldiers over 2000 died of starvation and frostbite Of 10,000 soldiers over 2000 died of starvation and frostbite Primitive conditions Primitive conditions Amputations Amputations