1. Chapter 2, Section 4 A New Nation Part Two p. 62-63 Victory in the American Revolution secured a new nation, the United States of America

2. Long Road to Victory Main Idea: The American victory at Yorktown marks the last major battle of the war. Washington’s army survives a brutal winter in Valley Forge 1777-1778. – 2,500 men die from disease and the cold Foreign assistance begins to arrive: – French send supplies, money, and ships (eventually) – Franklin sends Prussian soldier Friedrich Wilhelm August de Steuben (Baron von Steuben) to train Washington’s army into an elite fighting force.

3. Foreign Advisors Baron von Steuben (Prussia): trains soldiers at Valley Forge Wasn’t a real baron. But did fight for Frederick the Great Marquis de Lafayette (France): volunteered to fight for no pay. – Becomes a personal friend of Washington. Count Casimir Pulaski (Poland): “Father of the American Cavalry” Thaddeus Kosciuszko (Poland): Engineer of many American forts – Assists Gates & Arnold at the Battle of Saratoga Marquis de LafayetteBaron von Steuben Count Casimir PulaskiThaddeus Kosciuszko

4. Battle of Monmouth Courthouse Monmouth, New Jersey, June 28, 1778 Washington’s “new” army stands up to the English – Well-trained at Valley Forge by Baron von Steuben Longest battle of the war Fought to a draw (tie) – 20,000 troops fight in 100 degree heat Americans prove they can fight with anyone! Battle features famous British generals Clinton & Cornwallis Americans: Nathanael Green, “Mad” Anthony Wayne, Aaron Burr, Marquis de Lafayette, Charles Lee*, and Molly Pitcher? The legend of Molly Pitcher Washington rallies the troops at Monmouth

5. War in the South British move war to the South – Believe South to be more sympathetic to Britain Capture Charleston, S. Carolina (our richest port) - Jan. 1780 - Cornwallis defeats Gates at Camden, S. Carolina - August, 1780 Nathanael Greene replaces “Granny” Gates – Cornwallis and Greene fight a series of battles for control of the South – Greene lures Cornwallis away from his supplies….. Lord Cornwallis Nathanael Greene

6. Battle of Cowpens - Jan. 17, 1781 Cornwallis sends Tarleton’s cavalry to destroy rebels in the Carolinas Greene sends Morgan to stop the British. Morgan lures Tarleton into a trap. - Tarleton’s cavalry rides into two lines of militia & one line of Continental Soldiers – Tarleton’s British Legion is wiped out. – Greene forces Cornwallis into Virginia…… Banastre “the Butcher” Tarleton Daniel “the Old Waggoner” Morgan

7. Battle of Yorktown Sept. – Oct., 1781 British driven out of Carolinas by American General Greene – Cornwallis builds fort at Yorktown, waits for the British fleet General Cornwallis trapped between French fleet and Washington’s army at Yorktown, Virginia – Cornwallis’ surrender at Yorktown ends the fighting in the war. – British band plays the song, “The World Turned Upside Down” as British soldiers surrender their arms. British surrender at Yorktown, Virginia Play “The Shot Hear “Round the World” again

8. Aftermath of the Revolution Main Idea: The American victory proves an inspiration to people in other nations, especially France. British negotiate peace and war ends April 15, 1783. Treaty of Paris recognizes United States as a nation & sets our borders. – Canada in the north – Florida in the south – Mississippi river in the west Allows England and U.S. to use the Mississippi river English troops have to get out of our western lands – This will take some time... This painting of the signing of the treaty, by artist Benjamin West, was never finished because the British commissioners refused to pose. The Treaty of Paris

9. Impact on Other Nations The ideals of American Revolution spread to France Aristocrats live lavish lives while poor starve “Let them eat cake.” - Marie Antoinette? 1789: French Revolution “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” - motto of the French Rev. Latin American Nations try to win independence from Spain – Mexican Revolution begins Sept. 16, 1810 French Revolution Mexican Revolution - Father Miguel Hidalgo

10. p. 62

11. That’s the end of the American Revolution! And the end of Unit 1 “Building Blocks” Unit 1 “Jeopardy” review on Wednesday Test on Thursday (Edusoft test worth 110 pts.) Study Guide also due (40 pts.)