1. Review Questions  What was the cause of the Taiping Rebellion?  What was the cause of the Boxer Rebellion?  What was a key similarity and difference between the Taiping and Boxer Rebellions? DynastyAchievement 1.XiaA. Developed the civil service system 2.HanB. The Golden Age of China 3.MingC. The last Chinese dynasty 4.QinD. Yu the Engineer 5. Tang and SongE. Shi Huangdi 6.QingF. Built a massive treasure fleet

2. Roots of Revolution Chapter 15, Section 5

3. Revolution of 1911  After the Boxer Rebellion, Ci Xi remained in power but the Qing dynasty quickly collapsed after her death.  In 1911, China declared itself a republic, ending the ancient system of imperial rule.  Unfortunately, China had no well-organized government to replace the Qing dynasty.  Civil wars raged as different powers struggled for control of China.

4. Struggles of the Republic  For a brief time in 1911, Dr. Sun Yatsen served as president of the new republic.  He helped to organize the Guomindang, or Nationalist party.  Sun set out his goals for China in “Three Principles of the People.”  Nationalism: make China a unified nation and end foreign domination  Democracy: establish a representative government  Livelihood: ensure a decent living for all Chinese

5. Nationalists  Sun Yatsen was thrown out of office in 1912 by Yuan Shikai, a powerful general.  Soon other warlords fought for control of China.  During the years of turmoil, Sun Yatsen rallied followers to his Three Principles.  From his base in Guangzhou, he organized an army to restore unity.  Sun appointed Chaing Kai-shek, an energetic army officer, to command the nationalist army.  When Sun died in 1925, Chiang took over as leader of the Nationalist party.  By 1928, Chiang had brought China under his control.

6. Challenges  The Nationalists faced challenges to their authority.  Most Chinese felt stronger ties to their families than to the nation of China.  China had no experience with representative government.  The economy was badly depressed.

7. Communists  A group of young Chinese formed the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1921.  This group posed a large threat to the nationalists.  In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek moved against the CCP.  He expelled them from the Guomingdang and killed thousands of their supporters.  The Communists fled to the mountains of southeast China.

8. Mao Zedong  During the late 1920s and 1930s, Mao Zedong emerged as the leader of the Chinese Communists.  Mao believed that the Communists would only succeed if they won the support of the peasants.  He insisted that Communist forces treated the people fairly and politely.  Unlike other Chinese armies, the Communists paid peasants for the food their forces required.  With the support of the peasants, Mao’s army grew in numbers.

9. The Long March  Chiang launched a fierce campaign against the Communists.  Greatly outnumbered, the Communists fled from Chiang’s armies in 1934.  They traveled more than 6,000 miles from southeastern China to the remote northwest province of Shaanxi.  The chase lasted more than a year.  Of the 90,000 Communists that set out on the “Long March,” only about 7,000 survived.  The Long March became a symbol of the bitter hardships the Communists would endure before they finally gained power in 1949.

10. The Long March