2. Serine protease activity of exfoliating toxin superantigens, S. aureus.

6. The heptameric  toxin of Staphylococcys forming a  barrel pore.

8. Bacillus thuringiensis

10. Bacillus thuringiensis. Spore Parasporal body

11. Bacillus thuringiensis

18. Corynebacterium diphteriae.

19. Corynebacterium diphteriae

21. Corynebacterium diphteriae.

23. Corynebacterium diphtheriae pharyngitis. Note the pseudomembrane at back of the throat.

24. Diphterie. Diphterie: bull neck (swelling of lymphnodes)

25. "Difterie" gemaakt door een volgeling van Goya, 1802- 1812.

26. Corynebacterium diphteriae

29. Initiation of toxin production by Fe deficiency. Corynebacterium diphteriae

34. Microbe February 2014 vol 9(2) p64-70. The Lifestyle of Vibrio cholerae Fosters Gene Transfers Growing on chitinous surfaces helps these bacteria to initiate horizontal gene transfer and, perhaps, to swap pathogenic traits Melanie Blokesch

35. Microbe February 2014 vol 9(2) p64-70.

40. Bacillus anthracis

43. Cutaneous anthrax.

44. Cutaneous anthrax

45. Cutaneous anthrax.

47. Activity anthrax toxins

48. Activity annthrax toxins.

50. Clostridium tetani

51. Clostridium tetani.

55. Tetanus.

56. Tetanus: opisthotonus

57. Tetan opisthotonus

58. Tetanus: lockjaw (risus sardonicus)

59. Lockjaw (risus sardonicus)

60. Tetanus.

61. Typical poise of the tail by the horse with tetanus Horse with tetanus: breathing with dilated nostrils

62. Clostridium botulinum.

63. Clostridium botulinum

64. Clostridium Botulinum

68. Botulinum neurotoxin. -There are 7 botulinum neurotoxins (BoNT/A to BoNT/G. -Receptors for BoNTs are composed of both gangliosides that bind toxins with low affinity and protein receptors that form high-affinity complexes with toxins. -The synaptic vesicle proteins, synaptotagmins I and II, have been shown to function in conjunction with gangliosides to mediate entry of BoNT/B into cells. -BoNT/A enters neurons by binding to the synaptic vesicle protein SV2. (When the synaptic vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane during exocytosis, synaptotagmin and SV2 are exposed on the surface of the nerve ending. Subsequently, the proteins are efficiently internalized, giving bound toxin a free ride into the termini. After endocytosis, the vesicles acidify, which triggers translocationof the A chain into the cytoplasm.)

69. Science 2006, 312 p540-541.

70. SV2 Synaptic Vesicle protein. Science 2006, 312 p592

71. Botulism

75. Western duck disease Limberneck

77. The halter and vial of Botulinum antitoxin came from First Flight, a 1,200-pound thoroughbred that, fter being injected by U.S. Army researchers with inactivated toxins to stimulate his immune system, became, in 1990, the world's only known source of antitoxin against all known types of the neurotoxin that causes botulism.

81. BoTox injection

82. BoTox treatment

85. A classic image of Mary Mallon, an asymptomatic carrier of Salmonella typhi, from public-health posters of the early 1900s. Mary was a cook in New York state who lived a symptom-free life but infected more than 50 people with typhoid fever before health-department detectives traced the epidemics and moved her to involuntary quarantine.

86. Cytolethal Distending (A 2 B 5 ) toxin of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Song et al. (2013) Nature 18 July vol 350 p350.