1. Appositive & Participle Phrases
Grammar
Appositive & Participle Phrases

2. Appositive Phrase
Definition: Noun phrases that identify adjacent nouns or pronouns
Appositives allow writers to eliminate unnecessary words and combine related ideas in one sentence
Three ways that they can occur:
Sentence Openers
Subject-Verb Splits
Sentence Closers

3. Example Rita is a good friend of mine. She works as a police officer.
A good friend of mine, Rita works as a police officer.
Rita, a good friend of mine, works as a police officer.
Rita, a police officer, is a good friend of mine.
A police officer, Rita is a good friend of mine.

4. Other Examples Tommy cheats at board games.
Tommy, a cheat at board games, can never find anyone who wants to play with him anymore.
Donnie needs an outlet for his over-stimulated intellect.
An exceptionally bright student, Donnie seeks an outlet through board games for her over-stimulated intellect.

5. Sentence Openers
One of eleven brothers and sisters, Harriet was a moody willful child. (Langston Hughes)
A balding, smooth-faced man, he could have been anywhere between forty and sixty. (Harper Lee)
A short, round boy of seven, he took little interest in troublesome things, preferring to remain on good terms with everyone. (Mildred D. Taylor)

6. Subject-Verb Splits
Poppa, a good quiet man, spent the last hours before our parting moving aimlessly about the yard, keeping to himself and avoiding me. (Gordon Parks)
A man, a weary old pensioner with a bald dirty head and a stained brown corduroy waistcoat, appeared at the door of a small gate lodge. (Brian Moore)
Van’ka Zhukov, a boy of nine who had been apprenticed to the shoemaker Alyakhin three months ago, was staying up that Christmas eve. (Anton Chekhov)

7. Sentence Closers
The boy looked at them, big black ugly insects. (Doris Lessing)
Hour after hour he stood there, silent, motionless, a shadow carved in ebony and moonlight.
He had the appearance of a man who had done a great thing, something greater than an ordinary man would do.

8. Review: What Type are these?
Elvis Presley, the famous king of 50s rock and roll who achieved fame overnight, made his first national appearance on the “Ed Sullivan Show.”
A creative, deep-lying playmaker, Andrea Pirlo was the catalyst for Juventus’ recent European success.
Cameron always liked the weird ones best, the ones you couldn’t peg right off.

9. Your Turn: Unscrambling
struggled as usual
she
to maintain her calm, composed, friendly bearing
a sort of mask she wore all over her body
She struggled as usual to main her calm, composed, friendly bearing, a sort of mask she wore all over her body. (DH Lawrence)

10. Your Turn: Unscrambling
an old, bowlegged fellow in a pale-blue sweater
the judge
and was reading over some notes he had taken
had stopped examining the animals
on the back of a dirty envelope
The judge, an old, bowlegged fellow in a pale-blue sweater, had stopped examining the animals and was reading over some notes he had taken on the back of a dirty envelope. (Jessamyn West)

11. Your Turn: unscrambling
the tyrannosaur
with huge flaring nostrils
a long snuffling inhalation that fluttered Baselton’s trouser legs
gave Baselton a smell
With huge flaring nostrils, the tyrannosaur gave Baselton a smell, a long snuffling inhalation that fluttered Baselton’s trouser legs. (Michael Crichton)

12. Imitating
Model: Beside the fireplace old Doctor Winter sat, bearded and simple and benign, historian and physician to the town. (John Steinbeck)
president and valedictorian of the senior class
by the podium
intelligent and composed and smiling
scholarly Henrietta stood
By the podium scholarly Henrietta stood, intelligent and composed and smiling, president and valedictorian of the senior class.

13. Your turn: Imitation Practice
Model: A tall, rawhide man in an unbuttoned, sagging vest, he was visibly embarrassed by any furnishings that suggested refinement.
president and valedictorian of the senior class
by the podium
intelligent and composed and smiling
scholarly Henrietta stood

14. Your Turn: imitation practice
Model: His car, a perfectly maintained 1960 Thunderbird that was his pride and joy, stood in the driveway. (Stephen King)
beaming and affectionate and happy
bride and groom in their finery
they danced
under the canopy

15. You can work in groups of 3
Appositive Practice
You can work in groups of 3
Finish Practice set 2, 3, and 4 in the Grammar book

16. Definition: Describe nouns or pronouns; act as adjectives
Participial Phrase
Definition: Describe nouns or pronouns; act as adjectives
Present participles always end in –ing
Past participles usually end in –ed
Three types
Sentence Openers
Subject-Verb Splits
Sentence Closers

17. Examples Sadao had his reward
Sadao, searching the spot of black in the twilight sea that night, had his reward. (Pearl S. Buck, The Enemy)
The sun rose clear and bright
The sun rose clear and bright, tinging the foamy crests of the waves with a reddish purple. (Alexander Dumas, Count of Monte Cristo)
Spencer took half an hour.
Spencer took half an hour, swimming in one of the pools which was filled with the seasonal rain, waiting for the pursues to catch up to him. (Ray Bradbury, The Martian Chronicles)

18. Appositive vs. Participial Phrases
Appositives are noun phrases that identify adjacent nouns or pronouns
Participles are verbs acting as adjectives
Participial phrases have no subject and begin with a verb form (-ing or –ed)
Both can occur anywhere in a sentence (openers, subject-verb splits, and closers)

19. Present Participles
Professor Kazan, wearing a spotlessly white tropical suit and a wide-brimmed hat, was the first ashore. (Arthur C. Clarke, Dolphin Island)
Minute fungi overspread the whole exterior, hanging in a fine tangled web-work from the eaves. (Edgar Allan Poe, “The Fall of the House of Usher”)
Rising out of the sea, the whale started to attack the hapless ship.

20. Past Participles
The tent, illumined by candle, glowed warmly in the midst of the plain. (Jack London, The Call of the Wild)
Enchanted and enthralled, I stopped her constantly for details. (Richard Wright, Black Boy)
Printed on the finest paper, the document was very valuable.

21. Which type?
Whistling, he let the escalator waft him into the still night air. (Ray Bradbury, Fahrenheit 451)
Annoyed by the noise, the teacher reprimanded the student.
Wayne Rooney, having won the soccer game, basked in the cheers of the English fans.
She called to him, excited (Daphne du Maurier, The Birds)

22. More Participial phrases
Participial phrases often add descriptions to nouns and pronouns because they act as adjectives
Tommy cheats at every board game he plays
How would you rewrite this?
Cheating at every board game he plays, Tommy rarely loses to anyone.
Julia avoids playing games with Tommy.
Julia avoiding games with Tommy, seeks other people to play with.

23. Unscramble: Show All types
was waiting on the landing outside
Bernard
wearing a black turtleneck sweater, dirty flannels, and slippers
How can you have a sentence with participial phrase in sentence opener?
What about as subject-verb split?
Is it possible to have a sentence with participial phrase as sentence closer?
Which of these phrases is acceptable? Unacceptable?

24. Unscramble: Show All types
black
a little house
perched on high piles
In the distance
appeared
How can you have a sentence with participial phrase in sentence opener?
What about as subject-verb split?
Is it possible to have sentence with participial phrase as sentence closer?
Which of these phrases is acceptable? Unacceptable?

25. Unscramble
all had the look of invalids crawling into the hospital on their last legs
the passengers
blinking their eyes against the blinding sunlight
Emerging from the mildewed dimness of the customs sheds
The passengers, emerging from the mildewed dimness of the customs sheds, blinking their eyes against the blinding sunlight, all had the look of invalids crawling into the hospital on their last legs.

26. Homework You can work in groups of 3
Complete Appositives & Participles Worksheet
What you do not finish in class is homework