1. HIST 2509 A History of Germany Lecture 11-2 Bourgeois Society and Culture

2. Today’s Main Themes Authoritarianism and everyday life. Middle-class values, respectability. Goal: placing the novella in context.

3. I. The 1870s: a shift in priorities a.a struggling economy b.from liberal support to “rye and iron” c.anti-clericalism and the Kulturkampf d.Anti-Socialist Laws

4. II. A Special Path for Germany? a.1920s historiography of causes of WW I b.post 1945, extended debate to Nazis c.Fischer ’ s thesis -German war aims and culpability -German aggression originated in 1860s-1880s -society and politics reflected authoritarianism d.Sonderweg: search for continuities -continuity between 1870s and 1945

5. II. A Special Path for Germany? e.Blackbourn, Eley and the “ revisionists ” -focus on daily life -liberal values and middle-class mores present in society -- but complicated -not just dupes or puppets but actors -nuance needed

6. II. Sites of Middle-class Power -Bildung and Sittlichkeit -sociability: clubs and associations -the family, gender roles, and “morality” -law, order, discipline: crime and police -the new military ethos: the uniform -masculinity and the duel -consumption, status, and wealth

7. The Garden Cottage, 1853-1944 -no talk of politics, religion, crime, or divorce 1) Bildung and Sittlichkeit

8. 2) sociability: clubs and associations *shared values the Museum Society lunch at the Ratskeller professional associations

9. 3) the family, gender, and “morality” *the timelessness of “natural differences” -the BGB or Civil Code 1900 -separate spheres and calm domestic influence -moderation but double standard -- Effi Briest -social welfare Magdalenenheime (homes for fallen women)

10. 4) law, order, discipline -class justice and crime -growth of police and institutions -alles Verboten! -poverty as crime -- workhouses -degeneration = preventative policing -blind obedience to rules Heinrich Mann, The Subject “In England, everybody is a citizen; In Germany, everybody is a subject”

11. 5) new military ethos Matrosenkleidung or soldier’s suits a) the uniform -aping the aristocracy: Queen Victoria and Wilhelm II -militarization of society -not just for boys: postal workers,police, customs officers, mine officials, railwaymen and foresters

12. b) education system -attendance, truancy police, drills, authoritarianism Heinrich Mann’s, Professor Unrat -made into 1930 film The Blue Angel with Marlene Dietrich

13. c) respect for authority The Captain of Köpenick (1906) Wilhelm Voigt -conformism, exclusion, and military virtue -rank and privilege -reserve officer corps

14. 6) masculinity and the duel: satisfaction

15. satisfaction

16. 7) consumption, status, wealth -bummeln == to promenade Kurfürstendamm in Berlin -the predilection for titles and ennoblement -- “von” -from spartan to overstuffed homes