1. CJS - Chapter 5 So far, policing and: Larger society – agri/rural to indus/urban What police do – patrol and social problems Social classes – rich, middle class, poor Crime and “Criminals” Police culture – specific to US Effectiveness of policing Walker -- POLICY ISSUES - PROBLEMS/SOLUTIONS

2. CJS - Chapter 5 Remember - the main policing problem is low clearance rates -- + rejections & dismissals Conservatives think these problems result mainly from “handcuffing” the police – too many legal restrictions on police, “criminals” have too many rights

3. CJS - Chapter 5 What are the 2 basic conservative strategies for “unleashing police”? More police (100,000) Eliminate “technicalities” (many "liberals" agree with these too!)

4. CJS - Chapter 5 How was the Kansas City study done, and what did it find? Proactive – more patrol Reactive – less patrol No change – no change Finding? Made no difference! (Why criminologists already knew this)

5. CJS - Chapter 5 What does Walker conclude about increasing the numbers of police? Ineffective - (but good jobs program!) “Thinness” of patrol - 3 shifts problem Little threat of getting caught in act Unreported crime (acq/private)

6. CJS - Chapter 5 Why don’t “crackdowns” usually work? What is “hot spot” patrol and does it appear to work? What is “problem oriented policing” and does it appear to work?

7. CJS - Chapter 5 Three basic problems: Displacement Replacement (aging in) Supply and Demand (economic crimes) But - Planning, Focus, Quality of Life might improve effectiveness

8. CJS - Chapter 5 What does Walker conclude about “Does policing make any difference at all?” “Skepticism is warranted” esp about self-serving claims (e.g., William Bratton & NY) Policing has little impact on crime rates!

9. CJS - Chapter 5 What is faster response time, and would improvements reduce crime? “Common sense” - Yes Reality - No – delays in reporting

10. CJS - Chapter 5 Would improving detective work make a difference in crime rates? [Yes - for a very few crimes] No for crime rates in general (unreported, low clearance, etc.)

11. CJS - Chapter 5 Does "targeting" career criminals improve CRs? Leads to few arrests Even fewer convictions Waste of police time & resources

12. CJS - Chapter 5 Exclusionary rule & Miranda warning Police culture & common sense vs. Rarity as an issue Professionalism - improve police work! Note: importance of confessions\

13. CJS - Chapter 5 What does Walker conclude about the potential for reducing crime through changes in policing?

14. CJS - Chapter 5 “Crime fighting” doesn’t work. Effective use of police is better. Myths & police culture are obstacles to effective police work! Phoenix example

15. Next Chapter 6 - Deterrence