1. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon1 Chapter 15 part 1 Schizophrenia This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network, preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease or lending of the program.

2. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon2  Schizophrenia  Description  Schizophrenia: A serious mental disorder characterized by disordered thoughts, delusions, hallucinations, and often bizarre behaviors.

3. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon3  Schizophrenia  Description  Positive symptom: A symptom of schizophrenia evident by its presence: delusions, hallucinations, or thought disorders.  Negative symptom: A symptom of schizophrenia characterized by the absence of behaviors that are normally present: social withdrawal, lack of affect, and reduced motivation.

4. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon4  Schizophrenia  Description  Thought disorder: Disorganized, irrational thinking.  Delusion: A belief that is clearly in contradiction to reality.  Hallucination: Perception of a nonexistent object or event.

5. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon5  Schizophrenia  Pharmacology of Schizophrenia  Chlorpromazine: A “typical neuroleptic”; a dopamine receptor blocker; a commonly prescribed antischizophrenic drug.  Clozapine: An “atypical neuroleptic”; an antipsychotic drug that blocks D 4 receptors in the nucleus accumbens.

6. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon6  Schizophrenia  Consequences of Long-Term Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia  Tardive dyskinesia: A movement disorder that can occur after prolonged treatment with antipsychotic medication, characterized by involuntary movements of the face and neck.  Supersensitivity: The increased sensitivity of neurotransmitter receptors; caused by damage to the afferent axons or long-term blockage of neurotransmitter release.

7. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon7  Schizophrenia  Possible Causes of the Brain Abnormalities  Epidemiology: The study of the distribution and causes of diseases in populations. Research suggest several environmental factors: Season of birth Viral epidemics Population density Latitude Prenatal malnutrition Rh incompatibility Maternal stress

8. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon8  Schizophrenia  Possible Causes of the Brain Abnormalities  Seasonal effect: The increased incidence of schizophrenia in people born during late winter and early spring.  Latitude effect: The increased incidence of schizophrenia in people born far from the equator.

9. Copyright (c) Allyn & Bacon9  Schizophrenia  Evidence for Abnormal Brain Development  Research evidence: Children who developed schizophrenia displayed more negative affect in their facial expression and were more likely to show abnormal movements. Children who developed schizophrenia also displayed poor social adjustment and did more poorly in school than their peers.

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