1. Chapter 6 Notes Solutions, Acids, and Bases

2. Heterogeneous mixtures have compositions that are not uniform. Examples soil, vegetable soup, Italian salad dressing. Homogeneous mixtures have compositions that are uniform. Examples salt water, water. Chapter 6.1 Notes

3. A solution is a homogeneous mixture. Do not separate on standing, can not be filtered. Do not scatter light. If the particles in a solvent are so large that they settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred or agitated, the heterogeneous mixture is called a suspension.

4. Particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and suspensions form mixtures called colloids. Do not separate on standing. Can not be filtered. Scatter Light. Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by a colloid.

5. Soluble capable of being dissolved. Solvent is the part of the solution that is doing the dissolving. Larger amount. Solute is the part of the solution that is being dissolved. Smaller amount.

6. Emulsion- any mixture of immiscible liquids in which the liquids are spread throughout one another. Alloy are solid solutions example brass made from zinc + copper, sterling silver = silver + copper.

7. Immiscible are liquid solutes and solvent that are not soluble in each other. Example oil and water. Miscible liquids that dissolve freely in one another in any proportion. “Likes dissolve Likes” meaning that polar substances dissolve polar substances…or nonpolar and nonpolar.

8. Chapter 6.2 Notes Increases The Dissolving Process 1.Larger surface area (powder) 2.Stirring or shaking 3.Higher temperatures

9. Water is the most common solvent. Concentration- the quantity of solute dissolved in a given quantity of solution. Solubility- the greatest quantity of a solute that will dissolve in a given quantity of solvent to produce a saturated solution.

10. Unsaturated solution- a solution that is able to dissolve more solute. Saturated solution- a solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at the given conditions.

11. Supersaturated solution- a solution holding more dissolved solute than is specified by is solubility at a given temperature

12. Chapter 6.3 Notes Acids 1.Taste Sour 2.Change blue litmus to red 3.Examples lemons, limes, pickles 4.Start with H 5.Have a pH less than 7 6.Acids form Hydronium ions (H 3 0 + )

13. Bases 1.Taste Bitter 2.Change red litmus to blue 3.Examples soap, baking soda, Tums, cleaners 4.End with OH 5.Have a pH greater than 7 6.Feel Slippery 7.Bases form Hydroxide Ions (OH - )

14. pH of a solution indicates its concentration of hydronium ions. (H 3 O + or H + ) Less than 7 Acid 7 is neutral Greater than 7 Base Neutralization reactions Acid + base = water + salt

15. Chapter 6.4 Notes Soaps can dissolve in both grease or oil and in water. Soaps are made out of animal fats. Soaps are emulsifiers. Detergents are different from soaps because they are made from petroleum. Detergents lather well in hard water and do not form scum.

16. Disinfectant is a substance that kills harmful bacteria and virus. Bleach is a good disinfectant.

17. Work Cited “Green Solution”. Feb 22, 2008. http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~gchemlab/volumetric _soln_conc.jpg http://www.chem.ucla.edu/~gchemlab/volumetric _soln_conc.jpg “Hot Cocoa”. Feb. 22, 2008. http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/s/ solute/support.gif http://discover.edventures.com/images/termlib/s/ solute/support.gif “Supersaturated solution”. Feb. 22, 2008. http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2045/change/C12F1 1.GIF http://www.chem.ufl.edu/~itl/2045/change/C12F1 1.GIF “Saturated or unsaturated”. Feb. 22, 2008. http://www.chemistry.nmsu.edu/studntres/chem1 16/notes/saturated.gif http://www.chemistry.nmsu.edu/studntres/chem1 16/notes/saturated.gif